Early Trade Patterns Under the Europe Agreements
Author | : Olivier Cadot |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 22 |
Release | : 1994 |
Genre | : Europe, Central |
ISBN | : |
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Author | : Olivier Cadot |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 22 |
Release | : 1994 |
Genre | : Europe, Central |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Jeffrey A. Frankel |
Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
Total Pages | : 295 |
Release | : 2007-12-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0226260224 |
Regional economic arrangements such as free trade areas (FTAs), customs unions, and currency blocs, have become increasingly prevalent in the world economy. Both pervasive and controversial, regionalization has some economists optimistic about the opportunities it creates and others fearful that it may corrupt fragile efforts to encourage global free trade. Including both empirical and theoretical studies, this volume addresses several important questions: Why do countries adopt FTAs and other regional trading arrangements? To what extent have existing regional arrangements actually affected patterns of trade? What are the welfare effects of such arrangements? Several chapters explore the economic effects of regional arrangements on patterns of trade, either on price differentials or via the gravity model on bilateral trade flows. In addition, this book examines the theoretical foundation of the gravity model. Making extensive use of the gravity model of bilateral trade, several chapters explore the economic effects of regional arrangements. In addition, this book examines the theoretical foundation of the gravity model.
Author | : World Trade Organization |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 128 |
Release | : 2011 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Author | : World Bank |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 511 |
Release | : 2019-11-19 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1464814953 |
Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.
Author | : Nagwa Riad |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 87 |
Release | : 2012-01-15 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1463973101 |
Changing Patterns of Global Trade outlines the factors underlying important shifts in global trade that have occurred in recent decades. The emergence of global supply chains and their increasing role in trade patterns allowed emerging market economies to boost their inputs in high-technology exports and is associated with increased trade interconnectedness.The analysis points to one important trend taking place over the last decade: the emergence of China as a major systemically important trading hub, reflecting not only the size of trade but also the increase in number of its significant trading partners.
Author | : Michael G. Plummer |
Publisher | : Asian Development Bank |
Total Pages | : 194 |
Release | : 2011-02-01 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 9290921978 |
This publication displays the menu for choice of available methods to evaluate the impact of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). It caters mainly to policy makers from developing countries and aims to equip them with some economic knowledge and techniques that will enable them to conduct their own economic evaluation studies on existing or future FTAs, or to critically re-examine the results of impact assessment studies conducted by others, at the very least.
Author | : Riccardo Faini |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 308 |
Release | : 1995 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : |
This volume explores the changes in Central and Eastern Europe on trade and investment flows in Europe from three approaches: cross-sectional studies of the likely long-run comparative advantage of the CEECs; the impact of opening up to the East on individual countries (France, Spain, and Greece); and the specific 'sensitive' sectors of steel and textiles.
Author | : Marc Bacchetta |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2012 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 9789287038128 |
Trade flows and trade policies need to be properly quantified to describe, compare, or follow the evolution of policies between sectors or countries or over time. This is essential to ensure that policy choices are made with an appropriate knowledge of the real conditions. This practical guide introduces the main techniques of trade and trade policy data analysis. It shows how to develop the main indexes used to analyze trade flows, tariff structures, and non-tariff measures. It presents the databases needed to construct these indexes as well as the challenges faced in collecting and processing these data, such as measurement errors or aggregation bias. Written by experts with practical experience in the field, A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis has been developed to contribute to enhance developing countries' capacity to analyze and implement trade policy. It offers a hands-on introduction on how to estimate the distributional effects of trade policies on welfare, in particular on inequality and poverty. The guide is aimed at government experts engaged in trade negotiations, as well as students and researchers involved in trade-related study or research. An accompanying DVD contains data sets and program command files required for the exercises. Copublished by the WTO and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Author | : Ha-Joon Chang |
Publisher | : Anthem Press |
Total Pages | : 196 |
Release | : 2002-07-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0857287613 |
How did the rich countries really become rich? In this provocative study, Ha-Joon Chang examines the great pressure on developing countries from the developed world to adopt certain 'good policies' and 'good institutions', seen today as necessary for economic development. His conclusions are compelling and disturbing: that developed countries are attempting to 'kick away the ladder' with which they have climbed to the top, thereby preventing developing countries from adopting policies and institutions that they themselves have used.
Author | : |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 186 |
Release | : 2004 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9780821357477 |
This annual publication analyses the global and national dimensions of the investment climate for developing countries, in terms of the policy and institutional environment. This edition examines the growth of regional trade agreements, which have risen eight-fold in two decades with currently, as much as 40 percent of global trade taking place among countries that have some form of reciprocal regional trade agreement. Issues discussed include: regional trading trends; effects of regional agreements on trade creation, trade facilitation and services, investment, intellectual property rights, and labour mobility; whether the proliferation of agreements poses risks for multilateral trading system, and if so, options for managing them. The report finds that agreements leading to open regionalism (that is, deeper integration of trade as a result of low external tariffs, increased services competition, and efforts to reduce cross-border and customs delays costs) are effective as part of a larger trade strategy to promote growth. Although regional agreements can prove beneficial to member countries, they can have adverse effects on excluded countries, and the lowering of border barriers around the world is crucial to minimising these effects. The completion of the Doha Development Agenda by all WTO countries will reduce the risk of trade diversion associated with regional agreements and will decrease trade losses of countries excluded from agreements.