Dicationic Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquid Coatings on Zirconia Surfaces

Dicationic Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquid Coatings on Zirconia Surfaces
Author: Pavan Preet Kaur Sandhu
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2016
Genre: Biological interfaces
ISBN:
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Osseointegration and soft tissue seal formation between a dental implant surface and host tissues are important steps in achieving successful implantation. However, factors such as bacterial biofilm adhesion, excessive stresses experienced by an implant during insertion and mastication, and other health-related factors may affect implant stability. Dicationic imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) coatings containing amino acids were previously developed for implant surface functionalization. These multi-functional ionic liquid coatings have demonstrated excellent results as surface coatings of titanium in terms of providing the material with anti-biofilm activity, lubrication and corrosion resistance while being compatible with host cells in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using this technology on the surface of a ceramic material, zirconia, which has been recently introduced in the design of one and two components dental implants. In this work, the physical and biological performance of IL coatings on the surface of zirconia was investigated. In summary, zirconia surfaces coated with two IL compositions were assessed for intermolecular interactions and coating morphology using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and optical microscopy. Coating stability was verified by release profiles using UV-vis spectroscopy. Mammalian and bacterial cell activity were studied on the surface of IL-coated zirconia using osteoblasts and fibroblasts cells and S. salivarius and S. sanguinis, respectively. Finally, wear tests were performed in simulated physiological conditions to determine coefficient of friction and wear volume loss in the presence of IL coatings. Results showed that ILs formed stable coatings on zirconia surfaces. IL containing phenylalanine demonstrated excellent anti-biofilm activity and sustained the conditions for growth and proliferation of host cells. The results of this study indicate that the investigated dicationic imidazolium-based IL coatings constitutes a potential technology for surface enhancement of zirconia dental implants.

Advanced Materials for Biomedical Applications

Advanced Materials for Biomedical Applications
Author: Vivek Sheel Rajput
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 274
Release: 2023-12-21
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9819962862
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This book provides an insight into the basic fundamentals of the biomaterials used for the biomedical applications, their development and processing techniques. Advanced materials are significantly utilized for the biomedical applications ranging from dental devices to cancer treatment owing to their higher biocompatibility and better interaction with tissues. This book covers the various topics that include basic biocompatibility phenomena, insight to materials science, class of different advanced materials as a biomaterials, development and processing techniques, design and analysis of the developed advanced materials, investigation of its properties and major applications. Recent information regarding the development techniques and methods for improving the properties of the advanced materials in the field of biomedical applications is highlighted in detail. The textbook offers clear explanation of the text in the chapters with self-explanatory figures and tables. It demonstrates the novel methods, opportunities and ideas for developing biomaterials in the field of biomedical applications. It also includes critical review study of the developed advanced materials for biomedical applications in a new summarized form. The inclusion of the discussions on hybrid polymer-based composites and self-healing composite materials offers a special feature in the textbook. It features a thorough overview of the simulation aspect in the biomedical applications. The book features at least 50% of its references from last three–four years’ work in the field of biomaterials and biomedical. The book content adds to the redundancy in the literature work related to biomedical and biomaterials. This book is a valuable resource for academicians, students and scholars from science and engineering background having interest in biomaterials. It is helpful to the biomedical engineering group especially in countries or location where they don’t have access to the major journals.

High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Author: Qingfeng Li
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 561
Release: 2015-10-15
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3319170821
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This book is a comprehensive review of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). PEMFCs are the preferred fuel cells for a variety of applications such as automobiles, cogeneration of heat and power units, emergency power and portable electronics. The first 5 chapters of the book describe rationalization and illustration of approaches to high temperature PEM systems. Chapters 6 - 13 are devoted to fabrication, optimization and characterization of phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole membranes, the very first electrolyte system that has demonstrated the concept of and motivated extensive research activity in the field. The last 11 chapters summarize the state-of-the-art of technological development of high temperature-PEMFCs based on acid doped PBI membranes including catalysts, electrodes, MEAs, bipolar plates, modelling, stacking, diagnostics and applications.

Water Soluble Polymers

Water Soluble Polymers
Author: Zahid Amjad
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 261
Release: 2007-05-08
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0306469154
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This volume contains a series of papers originally presented at the symposium on Water Soluble Polymers: Solution Properties and Applications, sponsored by the Division of Colloids and Surface Chemistry of the American Chemical Society. The symposium took place in Las Vegas City, Nevada on 9 to 11th September, 1997 at the 214th American Chemical Society National Meeting. Recognized experts in their - spective fields were invited to speak. There was a strong attendance from academia, g- ernment, and industrial research centers. The purpose of the symposium was to present and discuss recent developments in the solution properties of water soluble polymers and their applications in aqueous systems. Water soluble polymers find applications in a number of fields of which the following may be worth mentioning: cosmetics, detergent, oral care, industrial water treatment, g- thermal, wastewater treatment, water purification and reuse, pulp and paper production, sugar refining, and many more. Moreover, water soluble polymers play vital role in the oil industry, especially in enhanced oil recovery. Water soluble polymers are also used in ag- culture and controlled release pharmaceutical applications. Therefore, a fundamental kno- edge of solution properties of these polymers is essential for most industrial scientists. An understanding of the basic phenomena involved in the application of these polymers, such as adsorption and interaction with different substrates (i. e. , tooth enamel, hair, reverse - mosis membrane, heat exchanger surfaces, etc. ) is of vital importance in developing high performance formulations for achieving optimum efficiency of the system.

Recent Advances in High-Temperature PEM Fuel Cells

Recent Advances in High-Temperature PEM Fuel Cells
Author: Sivakumar Pasupathi
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 87
Release: 2016-09-13
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0128103868
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Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Primers is a series focused on Energy applications. Its concise volumes present those coming into this broad and multidisciplinary field with the most recent advances in each of its particular topics. They bring together information that has thus far been scattered in many different sources under one single title, which makes them a useful reference for industry professionals, researchers and graduate students, especially those starting in a new topic of research. This volume, Recent Advances in High Temperature PEM Fuel Cells, provides an up-to-date progress of High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (HTPEMFCs), including three critical subjects for this type of fuel cells: Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) development, stack development and systems development. The MEA and stack development sections cover the recent advances in this area and highlight the areas in most need of improvement. The systems development section focuses on stationary systems, mainly Combined Heat and Power (CHP), based on HTPEMFCs. Finally the conclusions summarize the recent advances of HTPEMFCs in all these areas and provide some insights for future developments. Prof. Bruno G. Pollet, Series Editor Presents the most current knowledge in membrane electrode assembly, stack, and systems development for HTPEMFCs Highlights the areas that need improvement in electrode assembly and stack development Examines stationary high temperature PEMFC systems, including CHP

Ionic Liquids

Ionic Liquids
Author: Rasmus Fehrmann
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Total Pages: 175
Release: 2019-05-20
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3110582120
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The current book brings together the latest developments in the area of ionic liquids, including synthesis, purity control, toxicity, and scaling-up technologies. In addition, the authors explore the applications of ionic liquids in organic synthesis and catalysis, separation techniques and nanomaterials engineering. Written by key experts in the field, this book is an invaluable material for organic and green chemists in academia and industry.

Green Solvents I

Green Solvents I
Author: Ali Mohammad
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 440
Release: 2012-03-13
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9400717121
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The conventional solvents used in chemical, pharmaceutical, biomedical and separation processes represent a great challenge to green chemistry because of their toxicity and flammability. Since the beginning of “the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry” in 1998, a general effort has been made to replace conventional solvents with environmentally benign substitutes. Water has been the most popular choice so far, followed by ionic liquids, surfactant, supercritical fluids, fluorous solvents, liquid polymers, bio-solvents and switchable solvent systems. Green Solvents Volume I and II provides a throughout overview of the different types of solvents and discusses their extensive applications in fields such as extraction, organic synthesis, biocatalytic processes, production of fine chemicals, removal of hydrogen sulphide, biochemical transformations, composite material, energy storage devices and polymers. These volumes are written by leading international experts and cover all possible aspects of green solvents’ properties and applications available in today’s literature. Green Solvents Volume I and II is an invaluable guide to scientists, R&D industrial specialists, researchers, upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, Ph.D. scholars, college and university professors working in the field of chemistry and biochemistry.

Production of Biofuels and Chemicals with Bifunctional Catalysts

Production of Biofuels and Chemicals with Bifunctional Catalysts
Author: Zhen Fang
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 396
Release: 2017-12-27
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9811051372
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This book provides state-of-the-art reviews, current research, prospects and challenges of the production of biofuels and chemicals such as furanic biofuels, biodiesel, carboxylic acids, polyols and others from lignocellulosic biomass, furfurals, syngas and γ-valerolactone with bifunctional catalysts, including catalytic, and combined biological and chemical catalysis processes. The bifunctionality of catalytic materials is a concept of not only using multifunctional solid materials as activators, but also design of materials in such a way that the catalytic materials have synergistic characteristics that promote a cascade of transformations with performance beyond that of mixed mono-functional catalysts. This book is a reference designed for researchers, academicians and industrialists in the area of catalysis, energy, chemical engineering and biomass conversion. Readers will find the wealth of information contained in chapters both useful and essential, for assessing the production and application of various biofuels and chemicals by chemical catalysis and biological techniques.

Applications of Nanotechnology for Green Synthesis

Applications of Nanotechnology for Green Synthesis
Author: Inamuddin
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 502
Release: 2020-07-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3030441768
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Traditional methods in synthetic chemistry produce chemical waste and byproducts, yield smaller desired products, and generate toxic chemical substances, but the past two centuries have seen consistent, greener improvements in organic synthesis and transformations. These improvements have contributed to substance handling efficiency by using green-engineered forerunners like sustainable techniques, green processes, eco-friendly catalysis, and have minimized energy consumption, reduced potential waste, improved desired product yields, and avoided toxic organic precursors or solvents in organic synthesis. Green synthesis has the potential to have a major ecological and monetary impact on modern pharmaceutical R&D and organic chemistry fields. This book presents a broad scope of green techniques for medicinal, analytical, environmental, and organic chemistry applications. It presents an accessible overview of new innovations in the field, dissecting the highlights and green chemistry attributes of approaches to green synthesis, and provides cases to exhibit applications to pharmaceutical and organic chemistry. Although daily chemical processes are a major part of the sustainable development of pharmaceuticals and industrial products, the resulting environmental pollution of these processes is of worldwide concern. This edition discusses green chemistry techniques and sustainable processes involved in synthetic organic chemistry, natural products, drug syntheses, as well various useful industrial applications.

Recent Advancements in the Metallurgical Engineering and Electrodeposition

Recent Advancements in the Metallurgical Engineering and Electrodeposition
Author: Uday Basheer Al-Naib
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 204
Release: 2020-04-08
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1789846862
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Metallurgy is a field of material science and engineering that studies the chemical and physical behavior of metallic elements, intermetallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys. These metals are widely used in this kind of engineering because they have unique combinations of mechanical properties (strength, toughness, and ductility) as well as special physical characteristics (thermal and electrical conductivity), which cannot be achieved with other materials. In addition to thousands of traditional alloys, many exciting new materials are under development for modern engineering applications. Metallurgical engineering is an area concerned extracting minerals from raw materials and developing, producing, and using mineral materials. It is based on the principles of science and engineering, and can be divided into mining processes, which are concerned with the extraction of metals from their ores to make refined alloys, and physical metallurgy, which includes the fabrication, alloying, heat treatment, joining and welding, corrosion protection, and different testing methods of metals. Conventional metal forming/shaping techniques include casting and forging, which remains an important processing route. Electrodeposition is one of the most used methods for metal and metallic alloy film preparation in many technological processes. Alloy metal coatings offer a wider range of properties than those obtained by a single metal film and can be applied to improve the properties of the substrate/coating system. This book covers a wide range of topics related to recent advancements in metallurgical engineering and electrodeposition such as metallurgy forming, structure, microstructure properties, testing and characterizations, and electrodeposition techniques. It also highlights the progress of metallurgical engineering, the ferrous and non-ferrous materials industries, and the electrodeposition of nanomaterials and composites.