Ionic liquids are exceptionally unique molecules, composed of cationic and anionic constituents, whose numerous advantageous properties have promoted their use in both the pharmaceutical sciences and the materials sciences. A large majority of the drugs on the market or in the pipeline are highly potent yet exhibit significant hydrophobic character. These drugs require careful formulation to allow for use in the clinic. The extraordinary ability of ionic liquids to dissolve a wide variety of compounds has facilitated their use in the pharmaceutical sciences and renders them advantageous for their use in nanoemulsion drug delivery vehicles. This work, in part, investigates the use of hydrophobic ionic liquids as components in nanoemulsion drug delivery vehicles. In this thesis hydrophobic dicationic cholinium-based ionic liquids have been synthesized and formulated to leverage the unique properties of ionic liquids to solubilize large amounts of various pharmaceutical agents. The dicationic cholinium-based cationic architecture was specifically designed to be biocompatible and mitigate any toxic effects typically associated with ionic liquid cationic architectures used for the formulation of hydrophobic ionic liquids. The hydrophobic dicationic cholinium-based ionic liquids can be successfully used as a component in the hydrophobic media for the formulation of oil-in-water nanoemulsions for intravenous delivery of pharmaceutical agents. Stable nanoemulsions composed with the hydrophobic dicationic cholinium-based ionic liquids were successfully formulated for the antifungal agent Amphotericin B, the hydrophobic chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel, and the hydrophilic chemotherapeutic cisplatin. The formulations show high drug loading, and prolonged in vitro release of the drugs. The use of ionic liquid crystals has attracted considerable attention in the materials science due to the fact they combine the advantageous properties of ionic liquids and liquid crystals. We also investigate the counterion dependent mesophase behaviors of the ionic liquid crystals composed of the novel dicationic cholinium-based architecture. These studies demonstrate the benefits of using hydrophobic ionic liquids as components in nanoemulsions for intravenous drug delivery. Moreover, these studies demonstrate the advantageous design of the dicationic cholinium-based architecture.