Design of a CMOS VCO and Frequency Divider for 5 GHz Applications

Design of a CMOS VCO and Frequency Divider for 5 GHz Applications
Author: Prithvi Shylendra
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2006
Genre: Engineering
ISBN: 9780542610349

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This thesis presents the design of a new CMOS Voltage Controlled Oscillator and a frequency divider, both of which form important blocks in the design of a PLL synthesizer. These components are important because they operate at the highest frequencies within the PLL and also consume most of the power as compared to the other components. Both these circuits have been an active topic of research in recent years especially with the scaling of technology bringing hopes of complete system-on-chip (SOC) integration at RF frequencies. The circuits in this thesis are designed for 5 GHz applications, mainly for the IEEE Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) 802.11a standard which spans the frequency range from 5.14 GHz to 5.72 GHz. The first part of the thesis is an introduction to receiver architectures, VCO's and frequency dividers in general. The second part deals with the design, analysis and simulation results of a novel VCO presented in this work. The VCO achieves a tuning range of 130 MHz around a center frequency of 5.70 GHz and a low phase noise of -114 dBc/Hz at an offset of 1 MHz. The third part presents the design approach adopted here to designing a high frequency divider using dynamic logic and its simulation results. The logic used here is True Single Phase Clocking (TSPC), which makes use of a single clock thereby avoiding the problems of clock skew and loading. Two main blocks have been presented, the divide-by-2 and divide-by-2/3. These blocks are then cascaded to achieve higher division ratios.

Transformer-Based Design Techniques for Oscillators and Frequency Dividers

Transformer-Based Design Techniques for Oscillators and Frequency Dividers
Author: Howard Cam Luong
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 214
Release: 2015-10-07
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3319158740

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This book provides in-depth coverage of transformer-based design techniques that enable CMOS oscillators and frequency dividers to achieve state-of-the-art performance. Design, optimization, and measured performance of oscillators and frequency dividers for different applications are discussed in detail, focusing on not only ultra-low supply voltage but also ultra-wide frequency tuning range and locking range. This book will be an invaluable reference for anyone working or interested in CMOS radio-frequency or mm-Wave integrated circuits and systems.

Design Methodology for RF CMOS Phase Locked Loops

Design Methodology for RF CMOS Phase Locked Loops
Author: Carlos Quemada
Publisher: Artech House
Total Pages: 243
Release: 2009
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1596933844

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After a review of PLL essentials, this uniquely comprehensive workbench guide takes you step-by-step through operation principles, design procedures, phase noise analysis, layout considerations, and CMOS realizations for each PLL building block. You get full details on LC tank oscillators including modeling and optimization techniques, followed by design options for CMOS frequency dividers covering flip-flop implementation, the divider by 2 component, and other key factors. The book includes design alternatives for phase detectors that feature methods to minimize jitter caused by the dead zone effect. You also find a sample design of a fully integrated PLL for WLAN applications that demonstrates every step and detail right down to the circuit schematics and layout diagrams. Supported by over 150 diagrams and photos, this one-stop toolkit helps you produce superior PLL designs faster, and deliver more effective solutions for low-cost integrated circuits in all RF applications.

Quadrature Frequency Generation for Wideband Wireless Applications

Quadrature Frequency Generation for Wideband Wireless Applications
Author: Mohammad Elbadry
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 87
Release: 2015-03-10
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3319137883

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This book describes design techniques for wideband quadrature LO generation for software defined radio transceivers, with frequencies spanning 4GHz to around 80GHz. The authors discuss several techniques that can be used to reduce the cost and/or power consumption of one of the key component of the RF front-end, the quadrature local oscillator. The discussion includes simple and useful insights into quadrature VCOs, along with numerous examples of practical techniques.

Low Power RF Circuit Design in Standard CMOS Technology

Low Power RF Circuit Design in Standard CMOS Technology
Author: Unai Alvarado
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 248
Release: 2011-10-18
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3642229875

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Low Power Consumption is one of the critical issues in the performance of small battery-powered handheld devices. Mobile terminals feature an ever increasing number of wireless communication alternatives including GPS, Bluetooth, GSM, 3G, WiFi or DVB-H. Considering that the total power available for each terminal is limited by the relatively slow increase in battery performance expected in the near future, the need for efficient circuits is now critical. This book presents the basic techniques available to design low power RF CMOS analogue circuits. It gives circuit designers a complete guide of alternatives to optimize power consumption and explains the application of these rules in the most common RF building blocks: LNA, mixers and PLLs. It is set out using practical examples and offers a unique perspective as it targets designers working within the standard CMOS process and all the limitations inherent in these technologies.

CMOS Analog IC Design for 5G and Beyond

CMOS Analog IC Design for 5G and Beyond
Author: Sangeeta Singh
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 163
Release: 2021-02-07
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9811598657

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This book is focused on addressing the designs of FinFET-based analog ICs for 5G and E-band communication networks. In addition, it also incorporates some of the contemporary developments over different fields. It highlights the latest advances, problems and challenges and presents the latest research results in the field of mm-wave integrated circuits designing based on scientific literature and its practical realization. The traditional approaches are excluded in this book. The authors cover various design guidelines to be taken care for while designing these circuits and detrimental scaling effects on the same. Moreover, Gallium Nitrides (GaN) are also reported to show huge potentials for the power amplifier designing required in 5G communication network. Subsequently, to enhance the readability of this book, the authors also include real-time problems in RFIC designing, case studies from experimental results, and clearly demarking design guidelines for the 5G communication ICs designing. This book incorporates the most recent FinFET architecture for the analog IC designing and the scaling effects along with the GaN technology as well.

CMOS Single Chip Fast Frequency Hopping Synthesizers for Wireless Multi-Gigahertz Applications

CMOS Single Chip Fast Frequency Hopping Synthesizers for Wireless Multi-Gigahertz Applications
Author: Taoufik Bourdi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 215
Release: 2007-03-06
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1402059280

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In this book, the authors outline detailed design methodology for fast frequency hopping synthesizers for RF and wireless communications applications. There is great emphasis on fractional-N delta-sigma based phase locked loops from specifications, system analysis and architecture planning to circuit design and silicon implementation. The developed techniques in the book can help in designing very low noise, high speed fractional-N frequency synthesizers.

Analysis and Design of Quadrature Oscillators

Analysis and Design of Quadrature Oscillators
Author: Luis B. Oliveira
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 162
Release: 2008-07-08
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1402085168

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Modern RF receivers and transmitters require quadrature oscillators with accurate quadrature and low phase-noise. Existing literature is dedicated mainly to single oscillators, and is strongly biased towards LC oscillators. This book is devoted to quadrature oscillatorsand presents adetailed comparative study ofLC and RCosc- lators, both at architectural and at circuit levels. It is shown that in cross-coupled RC oscillators both the quadrature error and phase-noise are reduced, whereas in LC - cillators the coupling decreases the quadrature error, but increases the phase-noise. Thus, quadrature RC oscillators can be a practical alternative to LC oscillators, - pecially when area and cost are to be minimized. The main topics of the book are: cross-coupled LC quasi-sinusoidal oscillators, cross-coupled RC relaxation oscillators, a quadrature RC oscillator-mixer, and t- integrator oscillators. The effect of mismatches on the phase-error and the pha- noise are thoroughly investigated. The book includes many experimental results, obtained from different integrated circuit prototypes, in the GHz range. A structured design approach is followed: a technology independent study, with ideal blocks, is performed initially, and then the circuit level design is addressed. This book can be used in advanced courses on RF circuit design. In addition to post-graduate students and lecturers, this book will be of interest to design engineers and researchers in this area.

CMOS PLL Synthesizers: Analysis and Design

CMOS PLL Synthesizers: Analysis and Design
Author: Keliu Shu
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 227
Release: 2006-01-20
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0387236694

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Thanks to the advance of semiconductor and communication technology, the wireless communication market has been booming in the last two decades. It evolved from simple pagers to emerging third-generation (3G) cellular phones. In the meanwhile, broadband communication market has also gained a rapid growth. As the market always demands hi- performance and low-cost products, circuit designers are seeking hi- integration communication devices in cheap CMOS technology. The phase-locked loop frequency synthesizer is a critical component in communication devices. It works as a local oscillator for frequency translation and channel selection in wireless transceivers and broadband cable tuners. It also plays an important role as the clock synthesizer for data converters in the analog-and-digital signal interface. This book covers the design and analysis of PLL synthesizers. It includes both fundamentals and a review of the state-of-the-art techniques. The transient analysis of the third-order charge-pump PLL reveals its locking behavior accurately. The behavioral-level simulation of PLL further clarifies its stability limit. Design examples are given to clearly illustrate the design procedure of PLL synthesizers. A complete derivation of reference spurs in the charge-pump PLL is also presented in this book. The in-depth investigation of the digital CA modulator for fractional-N synthesizers provides insightful design guidelines for this important block.