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| Author | : Fabrizio Giorgetta |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 104 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Fabrizio Giorgetta |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 104 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Victor Ryzhii |
| Publisher | : World Scientific |
| Total Pages | : 359 |
| Release | : 2003-06-25 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 9814486442 |
Infrared technologies are very important for a wide range of military, scientific and commercial applications. Devices and systems based on semiconductor heterostructure and quantum well and quantum dot structures open up a new era in infrared technologies.This book deals with various topics related to the latest achievements in the development of intersubband infrared photodetectors, reviewed by top experts in the field. It covers physical aspects of the operation of the devices as well as details of their design in different applications. The papers included in the book will be useful for researchers and engineers interested in the physics of optoelectronic devices as well as their practical design and applications.
| Author | : John David Vincent |
| Publisher | : John Wiley & Sons |
| Total Pages | : 584 |
| Release | : 2015-10-26 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : 1119011884 |
Presents a comprehensive introduction to the selection,operation, and testing of infrared devices, including adescription of modern detector assemblies and theiroperation This book discusses how to use and test infrared and visibledetectors. The book provides a convenient reference for thoseentering the field of IR detector design, test or use, those whowork in the peripheral areas, and those who teach and train othersin the field. Chapter 1 contains introductory material. Radiometry is coveredin Chapter 2. The author examines Thermal detectors in Chapter 3;the “Classical” photon detectors – simplephotoconductors and photovoltaics in Chapter 4; and “ModernPhoton Detectors” in Chapter 5. Chapters 6 through 8consider respectively individual elements and small arrays ofelements the “readouts” (ROICs) used with large imagingarrays; and Electronics for FPA Operation and Testing. The Test Setand The Testing Process are analyzed in Chapters 9 and 10, withemphasis on uncertainty and trouble shooting. Chapters 11 through15 discuss related skills, such as Uncertainty, Cryogenics, Vacuum,Optics, and the use of Fourier Transforms in the detector business.Some highlights of this new edition are that it Discusses radiometric nomenclature and calculations, detectormechanisms, the associated electronics, how these devices aretested, and real-life effects and problems Examines new tools in Infrared detector operations,specifically: selection and use of ROICs, electronics for FPAoperation, operation of single element and very small FPAs,microbolometers, and multi-color FPAs Contains five chapters with frequently sought-after informationon related subjects, such as uncertainty, optics, cryogenics,vacuum, and the use of Fourier mathematics for detectoranalyses Fundamentals of Infrared and Visible Detector Operation andTesting, Second Edition, provides the background and vocabularynecessary to help readers understand the selection, operation, andtesting of modern infrared devices.
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This thesis covers a novel type of infrared photodetectors, based on intersubband transitions in III-V semiconductors (AlAs/GaAs on GaAs and InAlAs/InGaAs on InP). To address one of the main noise sources of photoconductive photodetectors, dark current noise, this design comprises an internal potential gradient in form of a quantum cascade, hence the name quantum cascade detector (QCD). This approach allows bias-less and therefore dark current-less operation, the extraction of excited electrons is provided by the cascade. Successful fabrication and operation of such detectors was achieved, both in the mid-infrared range (detectors at 5.3 μm and 9 μm wavelength) and in the far-infrared (THz region) at 84 μm, below the energy of LO-phonons. It is also shown that these QCDs are fast, comparable to quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIP). Up to the limit of the high frequency electronics available for this measurement, 23 GHz, the observed decrease in performance is entirely due to the RLC damping, caused by the simple device mounting technique. In addition to the design, fabrication and the experimental measurements, this thesis also attempts to explain two important properties as function of detector temperature. The strongly varying device resistance and the drop in responsivity of the mid-infrared quantum cascade detectors are numerically calculated based on a modell describing LO-phonon assisted transitions between the different involved states of the quantum cascade.
| Author | : George A. Lampropoulos |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 894 |
| Release | : 2013-11-11 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1475792506 |
This book presents a current review ofphotonic technologies and their applications. The papers published in this book are extended versions of the papers presented at the Inter national Conference on Applications ofPhotonic Technology (ICAPT'96) held in Montreal, Canada, on July 29 to August 1, 1996. The theme of this event was "Closing the Gap Between Theory, Developments and Applications. " The term photonics covers both optics and optical engineering areas of growing sci entific and commercial importance throughout the world. It is estimated that photonic tech nology-related applications to increase exponentially over the next few years and will play a significant role in the global economy by reaching a quarter of a trillion of US dollars by the year 2000. The global interest and advancements of this technology are represented in this book, where leading scientists of twenty-two countries with advanced technology in photon ics present their latest results. The papers selected herein are grouped to address six distinct areas ofphotonic tech nology. The reader will find throughout the book a combination of invited and contributed papers which reflect the state of the art today and provide some insight about the future of this technology. The first two papers are invited. They discuss business aspects ofphotonic engineer ing. One examines if chip-to-chip interconnections by means of optical technology are a good economic choice, while the other discusses the photonic technology from entre preneurial viewpoint. Papers related to materials and considered for photonic applications, e. g.
| Author | : K. K. Choi |
| Publisher | : World Scientific |
| Total Pages | : 436 |
| Release | : 1997 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9789810228729 |
In the past, infrared imaging has been used exclusively for military applications. In fact, it can also be useful in a wide range of scientific and commercial applications. However, its wide spread use was impeded by the scarcity of the imaging systems and its high cost. Recently, there is an emerging infrared technology based on quantum well intersubband transition in III-V compound semiconductors. With the new technology, these impedances can be eliminated and a new era of infrared imaging is in sight. This book is designed to give a systematic description on the underlying physics of the new detectors and other issues related to infrared managing.
| Author | : Jozef Piotrowski |
| Publisher | : SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering |
| Total Pages | : 266 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : Technology & Engineering |
| ISBN | : |
This book presents approaches, materials, and devices that eliminate the cooling requirements of IR photodetectors operating in the middle- and long-wavelength ranges of the IR spectrum. It is based mainly on the authors' experiences in developing and fabricating near room temperature HgCdTe detectors at Vigo Systems Ltd. and at the Institute of Applied Physics Military University of Technology (both in Warsaw, Poland). The text also discusses solutions to other specific problems of high-temperature detection, such as poor collection efficiency due to a short diffusion length, the Johnson-Nyquist noise of parasitic impedances, and interfacing of very low resistance devices to electronics. Suitable for graduate students in physics and engineering who have received a basic preparation in modern solid state physics and electronic circuits, this book will also be of interest to individuals who work with aerospace sensors and systems, remote sensing, thermal imaging, military imaging, optical telecommunications, IR spectroscopy, and lidar.
| Author | : Sheng S. Li |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 12 |
| Release | : 2002 |
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Quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) have been widely investigated for the 3 - 5 micrometers mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and 8 - 12 micrometers long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) atmospheric spectral windows as well as very long wavelength infrared (VLWIR: lambda(sub c)> 14 micrometers) detection in the past decade. The mature III-V compound semiconductor growth technology and the design flexibility of device structures have led to the rapid development of various QWIP structures for infrared focal plane arrays (FPAs) applications. In addition to the single-color QWIP with narrow bandwidth, the multi-color QWIP required for advanced IR sensing and imaging applications have also been emerged in recent years. Using band gap engineering approach, the multi-color (2, 3, and 4- color) QWIPs using multi-stack quantum wells with different well width and depth and voltage-tunable triple-coupled quantum well (TCQW) structure for detection in the MWIR, LWIR, and VLWIR bands have been demonstrated. In this paper, the design, fabrication, and characterization of a voltage-tunable 2-stack 3-color QWIP for MW/LW/LW IR detection and a 3-stack 3-color QWIP for detection in the water, ozone, and CO2 atmospheric blocking bands are depicted.
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| Total Pages | : 63 |
| Release | : 2000 |
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A majority of infrared sensors used for imaging arrays operating in the long-wavelength infrared region between lambda = 8-12 micrometers are based on HgCdTe. This material system is unable to satisfy all of the requirements that are imposed by modern applications. Structural difficulties due to poor uniformity, high defect densities, and weak bond strengths cause difficulties in manufacturing large infrared focal plane array cameras. As an alternative, quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) utilizing intersubband absorption between GaAs wells and AlGaAs barriers were perfected. These QWIPs possess better uniformity in comparison to HgCdTe detectors, and QWIP imaging arrays have recently become commercially available. However, the responsivity of GaAs/AlGaAs QWIPs is still lower than HgCdTe detectors. In order to further improve the responsivity of QWIP detectors, the development of QWIPs with wells or barriers of OaInAsP instead of MOaAs has been developed.
