Defying the Odds examines the history of theTule River Tribe, a constituency of 1,500 members descended from the Southern Valley Yokuts Indians of California's Great Central Valley. This innovative book presents the first-ever study of a California tribe's political survival and transformation under American rule - from California statehood through the current Indian gaming era. The Tule River Tribe's struggle for sovereignty withstood challenges from political and legal institutions. Tribal members both reasserted and recast their traditions to preserve unity while competing for resources on their commonly owned reservation land base. The authors bring their remarkably rich knowledge of the Tribe's families and of federal Indian law to show how traditional leadership reemerged in the 1930s, under the Indian New Deal, through direct descendants of former chiefs. Vibrant portraits of men and women of the Tule River Tribe create a compelling narrative history, highlighting twentieth-century victories in land claims, government-to-government battles over Indian gaming, and use of Yokuts' traditional consensus - based negotiations over water rights with the Tribe's downstream neighbors. On every page of this groundbreaking book, the Tule River Tribe remains in frame as the protagonist of this exemplary story of indigenous struggle and triumph.