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| Author | : Juan Martin Jovanovich |
| Publisher | : National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada |
| Total Pages | : 294 |
| Release | : 2000 |
| Genre | : Tariff |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Juan Martin Jovanovich |
| Publisher | : Kluwer Law International B.V. |
| Total Pages | : 216 |
| Release | : 2016-04-24 |
| Genre | : Law |
| ISBN | : 9041161422 |
Issues of transfer pricing have come to the fore in both international tax and customs regimes. In particular, the problem of how to apply the two systems of valuation to the same transaction is of widespread concern. This well-known book, now in a fully updated second edition, is a problem-solving guide for professionals charged with valuating transactions in their client’s or company’s best interests. Through detailed examination of relevant guidelines, transfer pricing methodologies, and business realities prevailing among multinational enterprises, it offers a cogent and convincing account of how tax and customs transfer pricing regimes may be harmonized. Among other essential elements, the author discusses the following in depth: – the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines; – the GATT/WTO Customs Valuation Code (GVC) and other valuation rules in key jurisdictions and regional agreements; – the OECD and UN model tax conventions; – the arm’s length principle; – methods, both traditional and new, of determining whether the parties’ relationship in uenced the price; and – additions to and deductions from the customs value. This second edition discusses new developments in the eld, including a chapter on Commentary 23.1 and Case Study 14.1 of the Technical Committee on Customs Valuation of the World Customs Organization (WCO) – the rst international instruments linking transfer pricing and customs valuation. The book concludes with an analysis of the circumstances and conditions under which the introduction of transfer pricing year-end adjustments to transaction value would be consistent with Article 1 of the GVC. The book will continue to provide practitioners, customs administrations, and academics with a highly practical analysis of the intersection of transfer pricing and customs valuation. It will be welcomed by customs administrations charged with examining the acceptability of a transaction value xed between related parties and by multinational companies as a truly actionable tool they can use to optimize decision-making as it relates to transfer pricing and customs valuation in a “real world” setting.
| Author | : Juan Jovanovich |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 168 |
| Release | : 2002-10-30 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
Although valuation is fundamental to both tax and customs liability in international transactions, values calculated by the two regimes can differ, often markedly, in situations where no clear rules of transfer pricing apply. Through detailed examination of relevant guidelines, transfer pricing methodologies, and business realities prevailing among multinational enterprises, Customs Valuation and Transfer Pricing offers a cogent and convincing account of how tax and customs transfer pricing regimes may be harmonized.Among the essential elements of this important thesis, the author discusses the following in depth: the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines; the GATT/WTO Valuation Code (GVC); the arm's length principle; methods, both traditional and new, of determining whether the parties' relationship influenced the price; and additions to and deductions from the customs value. The study concludes with an analysis of the circumstances and conditions under which the introduction of transfer pricing compensatory adjustments to transaction value would be consistent with Article 1 of the GVC.
| Author | : Anuschka Bakker |
| Publisher | : IBFD |
| Total Pages | : 695 |
| Release | : 2009 |
| Genre | : Customs appraisal |
| ISBN | : 9087220596 |
This book discusses the intricate role of transfer pricing and customs value in international business environment. It examines the relationship between valuation for transfer pricing purposes and valuation for customs, and the significance of the relationship for multinational enterprises, tax authorities and customs administrations. The book begins by reviewing relevant international standards such as the OECD Guidelines and the GATT/WTO Customs Valuation Agreement. This is followed by a discussion of related issues such as VAT and administrative matters. Country chapters provide an overview of the applicable legislation and valuation methods, and case studies allow direct comparison between the practices of the different countries. The book concludes by summarizing the existing relationship between transfer pricing valuations and customs valuations, and by suggesting possible solutions towards a more integrated approach.
| Author | : J-M. Salva |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The article studies the relationship between transfer pricing and customs valuation. The author explains two different approaches of transfer pricing, the first one adopted by tax agencies, based on the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines and the second adopted by customs agencies, based on the WTO Customs Valuation Agreement (CVA). From the business perspective, the divergence between the two taxation regimes is an obstacle to the liberalization of trade and inhibits international development for companies. On the other hand, the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) believes that the WTO CVA and the use of the OECD Guidelines are enough to settle the issue of customs valuation and transfer pricing. However, ICC specifies that tax and customs approaches of intercompany transactions should converge to the same value. In this goal, ICC published a policy statement in 2012, which has been integrated in the WCO guidelines. This statement, based on the harmonization of the current rules, contains several additional options to derive customs value. The author states that the Union Customs Code does not contain any evolution from a transfer pricing perspective but contains some negatives changes regarding custom valuation. Also, the opportunity of the WCO Free Trade Agreement should be taken to move forward on this issue.
| Author | : S.K. Bilaney |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2017 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The author proposes ways in which transfer pricing and customs valuation rules could be harmonized so as to provide greater certainty for taxpayers.
| Author | : Joshua Simmons |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The exponential growth of international trade and the rapid expansion of corporate supply chains due to the rapid globalization of recent decades have placed increasing strains on systems of trade regulation and tax administration designed for a world of discrete states and corporate entities. A particular area where this tension has become pronounced is in the disconnect between customs valuation and transfer pricing, the legal regimes for valuing international transactions for purposes of assessing import tariffs and corporate income tax respectively. While both systems establish similar broad baselines -- the “arm's-length principle” for transfer pricing and the “transaction value principle” for customs valuation -- because of the different goals of each system and the scope of transactions to which each applies, the specific methods used differ, leading to confusion and inefficiency. Efforts to coordinate the two systems, both at an international level and in the U.S., are progressing but incomplete. This paper illuminates the disparity in these two systems, with a specific focus on the U.S, through studying current laws, regulations, and practices in both areas, along with the steps taken thus far to align them, concluding with recommendations for how these efforts should be continued. This paper was written for the Transfer Pricing: Special Topics graduate-level seminar at Georgetown University Law Center during the Spring 2015 term.
| Author | : Richard Thompson Ainsworth |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 128 |
| Release | : 2019 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
In most jurisdictions there are three separate spheres of transfer pricing analysis - income tax, customs and VAT. Although they share policy objectives, terminology and frequently borrowing methodologies from one another these domestic transfer pricing systems are not in harmony. Businesses find this lack of harmony costly, problematical, but also a planning opportunity. The door is open for arbitrage. What if the transfer pricing rules within a jurisdiction were harmonized? The World Customs Organization (WCO) and the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) are considering this question.This paper synthesizes the range of transfer pricing regimes currently in use, and argues that an affirmative answer to the WCO/OECD's harmonization question can only be realized through technology - specifically, an IT-APA (Information Technology - Advance Pricing Agreement). Inherent differences embedded in the annual income tax are nearly impossible to harmonize with transaction taxes like customs and VAT if what is envisioned is a single, monolithic transfer pricing standard. If instead one imagines a standard that employs flexible, integrated rules, where separately harmonized (vertical and horizontal) elements are brought together in a certified automated system, then a harmonized transfer pricing standard can be realized.It is reasonably clear that the real barriers to vertical harmonization of transfer pricing rules in income tax, customs and VAT have to do with timing and granularity. Income tax valuations are completed much later in time than customs and VAT regimes are comfortable with. Transaction taxes are designed around either having a number or a fixed formula that will objectively determine the number that is the tax base. An IT-APA harmonizes transfer pricing results by using a fixed formula. The formula is embedded in the taxpayer's VAT and customs software, and linked through the ERP to the financial statements and the income tax return. Certification of this digital valuation formula solves the timing issue in vertical harmonization.
| Author | : R. Feinschreiber |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2016 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Customs valuation and transfer pricing, once thought to be moving toward common objectives, are now moving apart. This article looks at the causes and potential solutions for divergence between customs valuation and transfer pricing. Specifically, it discusses the increased role of governmental and nongovernmental institutions; differing Customs and tax methodologies; related-party methodologies; the uncertain role of transfer pricing studies; and disparate timing constraints between tax and Customs regimes.
| Author | : Warner Max Corden |
| Publisher | : Princeton, N.J. : International Finance Section, Princeton University |
| Total Pages | : 58 |
| Release | : 1972 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
