Could a Cyber Attack Cause a Systemic Impact in the Financial Sector?

Could a Cyber Attack Cause a Systemic Impact in the Financial Sector?
Author: Phil Warren
Publisher:
Total Pages: 11
Release: 2019
Genre:
ISBN:

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There is not a uniform view of the link between cyber risk and systemic risk: some assume a direct link whereas others query the connection.Beyond nation states, the vast majority of independent cyber attackers are currently unlikely to have the capability to systemically impact the financial sector.The financial sector has a large number of environmental features which are conducive to a systemic cyber compromise.There are no current examples of systemic cyber risk crystallising and impacting the real economy but this does not prove an absence of risk.We conclude there is a credible case to link cyber risk to systemic risk in the financial sector.Recommendations for future consideration include:- Further development of the intelligence-led approach to cyber security. - Policy responses that seek to cut through sectoral, geographical and public/private boundaries. - Organisations should accept that compromises are likely to happen and therefore prioritise response and recovery activities.- Undertake further studies to better understand the relationship between data integrity and authenticity, trust in financial services and the potential for real-economy impact via a cyber attack. - A specific focus on risks associated with third-party dependencies.

Cyber Risk for the Financial Sector: A Framework for Quantitative Assessment

Cyber Risk for the Financial Sector: A Framework for Quantitative Assessment
Author: Antoine Bouveret
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 29
Release: 2018-06-22
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1484360753

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Cyber risk has emerged as a key threat to financial stability, following recent attacks on financial institutions. This paper presents a novel documentation of cyber risk around the world for financial institutions by analyzing the different types of cyber incidents (data breaches, fraud and business disruption) and identifying patterns using a variety of datasets. The other novel contribution that is outlined is a quantitative framework to assess cyber risk for the financial sector. The framework draws on a standard VaR type framework used to assess various types of stability risk and can be easily applied at the individual country level. The framework is applied in this paper to the available cross-country data and yields illustrative aggregated losses for the financial sector in the sample across a variety of scenarios ranging from 10 to 30 percent of net income.

Cyber Risk, Market Failures, and Financial Stability

Cyber Risk, Market Failures, and Financial Stability
Author: Emanuel Kopp
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 36
Release: 2017-08-07
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1484314131

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Cyber-attacks on financial institutions and financial market infrastructures are becoming more common and more sophisticated. Risk awareness has been increasing, firms actively manage cyber risk and invest in cybersecurity, and to some extent transfer and pool their risks through cyber liability insurance policies. This paper considers the properties of cyber risk, discusses why the private market can fail to provide the socially optimal level of cybersecurity, and explore how systemic cyber risk interacts with other financial stability risks. Furthermore, this study examines the current regulatory frameworks and supervisory approaches, and identifies information asymmetries and other inefficiencies that hamper the detection and management of systemic cyber risk. The paper concludes discussing policy measures that can increase the resilience of the financial system to systemic cyber risk.

Powering the Digital Economy: Opportunities and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Finance

Powering the Digital Economy: Opportunities and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Finance
Author: El Bachir Boukherouaa
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 35
Release: 2021-10-22
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1589063953

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This paper discusses the impact of the rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in the financial sector. It highlights the benefits these technologies bring in terms of financial deepening and efficiency, while raising concerns about its potential in widening the digital divide between advanced and developing economies. The paper advances the discussion on the impact of this technology by distilling and categorizing the unique risks that it could pose to the integrity and stability of the financial system, policy challenges, and potential regulatory approaches. The evolving nature of this technology and its application in finance means that the full extent of its strengths and weaknesses is yet to be fully understood. Given the risk of unexpected pitfalls, countries will need to strengthen prudential oversight.

Cyber Risk Surveillance: A Case Study of Singapore

Cyber Risk Surveillance: A Case Study of Singapore
Author: Joseph Goh
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 31
Release: 2020-02-10
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1513526316

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Cyber risk is an emerging source of systemic risk in the financial sector, and possibly a macro-critical risk too. It is therefore important to integrate it into financial sector surveillance. This paper offers a range of analytical approaches to assess and monitor cyber risk to the financial sector, including various approaches to stress testing. The paper illustrates these techniques by applying them to Singapore. As an advanced economy with a complex financial system and rapid adoption of fintech, Singapore serves as a good case study. We place our results in the context of recent cybersecurity developments in the public and private sectors, which can be a reference for surveillance work.

Countering Cyber Threats to Financial Institutions

Countering Cyber Threats to Financial Institutions
Author: Pierre-Luc Pomerleau
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 224
Release: 2020-08-29
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3030540545

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Exploring the negative social impact of cyber-attacks, this book takes a closer look at the challenges faced by both the public and private sectors of the financial industry. It is widely known amongst senior executives in both sectors that cybercrime poses a real threat, however effective collaboration between individual financial institutions and the public sector into detecting, monitoring and responding to cyber-attacks remains limited. Addressing this problem, the authors present the results from a series of interviews with cybersecurity professionals based in Canada in order to better understand the potential risks and threats that financial institutions are facing in the digital age. Offering policy recommendations for improving cybersecurity protection measures within financial institutions, and enhancing the sharing of information between the public and private sector, this book is a timely and invaluable read for those researching financial services, cybercrime and risk management, as well as finance professionals interested in cybersecurity.

Financial Cybersecurity Risk Management

Financial Cybersecurity Risk Management
Author: Paul Rohmeyer
Publisher: Apress
Total Pages: 276
Release: 2018-12-13
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 1484241940

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Understand critical cybersecurity and risk perspectives, insights, and tools for the leaders of complex financial systems and markets. This book offers guidance for decision makers and helps establish a framework for communication between cyber leaders and front-line professionals. Information is provided to help in the analysis of cyber challenges and choosing between risk treatment options. Financial cybersecurity is a complex, systemic risk challenge that includes technological and operational elements. The interconnectedness of financial systems and markets creates dynamic, high-risk environments where organizational security is greatly impacted by the level of security effectiveness of partners, counterparties, and other external organizations. The result is a high-risk environment with a growing need for cooperation between enterprises that are otherwise direct competitors. There is a new normal of continuous attack pressures that produce unprecedented enterprise threats that must be met with an array of countermeasures. Financial Cybersecurity Risk Management explores a range of cybersecurity topics impacting financial enterprises. This includes the threat and vulnerability landscape confronting the financial sector, risk assessment practices and methodologies, and cybersecurity data analytics. Governance perspectives, including executive and board considerations, are analyzed as are the appropriate control measures and executive risk reporting. What You’ll Learn Analyze the threat and vulnerability landscape confronting the financial sector Implement effective technology risk assessment practices and methodologies Craft strategies to treat observed risks in financial systemsImprove the effectiveness of enterprise cybersecurity capabilities Evaluate critical aspects of cybersecurity governance, including executive and board oversight Identify significant cybersecurity operational challenges Consider the impact of the cybersecurity mission across the enterpriseLeverage cybersecurity regulatory and industry standards to help manage financial services risksUse cybersecurity scenarios to measure systemic risks in financial systems environmentsApply key experiences from actual cybersecurity events to develop more robust cybersecurity architectures Who This Book Is For Decision makers, cyber leaders, and front-line professionals, including: chief risk officers, operational risk officers, chief information security officers, chief security officers, chief information officers, enterprise risk managers, cybersecurity operations directors, technology and cybersecurity risk analysts, cybersecurity architects and engineers, and compliance officers

The Making of a Cyber Crash

The Making of a Cyber Crash
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN: 9789294721341

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In October 2017, the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB) set up a group whose objective was to examine cyber security vulnerabilities within the financial sector, and their potential impact on financial stability and the real economy. In its first year, the European Systemic Cyber Group (ESCG) sought to develop a shared understanding of Common Individual Vulnerabilities (CIVs) across ESRB members, and to identify the unique characteristics of cyber risk that could contribute to a systemic event. Building on this work, this paper describes a conceptual model for systemic cyber risk, and aims to: - provide a structured approach that can be used to describe cyber incidents, from genesis through to a potential systemic event; - demonstrate the link between the crystallisation of cyber risk in a firm-specific context (portraying microprudential concerns), and the possible ramifications for the financial system (applying a macroprudential focus); - identify system-wide vulnerabilities and the unique characteristics of cyber incidents which can act as amplifiers, thereby propagating shocks through the financial system; - support the use of historical or theoretical scenario-based analysis to demonstrate the viability of the model; - suggest system-wide interventions that could act as systemic mitigants. Although the model is geared towards disruption arising from cyber incidents, it can also be used for any source of operational disruption (although some elements of the model may be less relevant).

Effective Model-Based Systems Engineering

Effective Model-Based Systems Engineering
Author: John M. Borky
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 788
Release: 2018-09-08
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3319956698

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This textbook presents a proven, mature Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) methodology that has delivered success in a wide range of system and enterprise programs. The authors introduce MBSE as the state of the practice in the vital Systems Engineering discipline that manages complexity and integrates technologies and design approaches to achieve effective, affordable, and balanced system solutions to the needs of a customer organization and its personnel. The book begins with a summary of the background and nature of MBSE. It summarizes the theory behind Object-Oriented Design applied to complex system architectures. It then walks through the phases of the MBSE methodology, using system examples to illustrate key points. Subsequent chapters broaden the application of MBSE in Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA), real-time systems, cybersecurity, networked enterprises, system simulations, and prototyping. The vital subject of system and architecture governance completes the discussion. The book features exercises at the end of each chapter intended to help readers/students focus on key points, as well as extensive appendices that furnish additional detail in particular areas. The self-contained text is ideal for students in a range of courses in systems architecture and MBSE as well as for practitioners seeking a highly practical presentation of MBSE principles and techniques.

The Essentials of Risk Management, Second Edition

The Essentials of Risk Management, Second Edition
Author: Michel Crouhy
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
Total Pages: 669
Release: 2013-12-06
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0071821155

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The essential guide to quantifying risk vs. return has been updated to reveal the newest, most effective innovations in financial risk management Written for risk professionals and non-risk professionals alike, this easy-to-understand guide helps readers meet the increasingly insistent demand to make sophisticated assessments of their company’s risk exposure Provides the latest methods for measuring and transferring credit risk, increase risk-management transparency, and implement an organization-wide Enterprise risk Management (ERM) approach The authors are renowned figures in risk management: Crouhy heads research and development at NATIXIS; Galai is the Abe Gray Professor of Finance and Business Asdministration at Hebrew University; and Mark is the founding CEO of Black Diamond Risk