Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6)

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6)
Author: King K. Holmes
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 1027
Release: 2017-11-06
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1464805253

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Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

Mathematical Models for Therapeutic Approaches to Control HIV Disease Transmission

Mathematical Models for Therapeutic Approaches to Control HIV Disease Transmission
Author: Priti Kumar Roy
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 228
Release: 2015-12-08
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 9812878521

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The book discusses different therapeutic approaches based on different mathematical models to control the HIV/AIDS disease transmission. It uses clinical data, collected from different cited sources, to formulate the deterministic as well as stochastic mathematical models of HIV/AIDS. It provides complementary approaches, from deterministic and stochastic points of view, to optimal control strategy with perfect drug adherence and also tries to seek viewpoints of the same issue from different angles with various mathematical models to computer simulations. The book presents essential methods and techniques for students who are interested in designing epidemiological models on HIV/AIDS. It also guides research scientists, working in the periphery of mathematical modeling, and helps them to explore a hypothetical method by examining its consequences in the form of a mathematical modelling and making some scientific predictions. The model equations, mathematical analysis and several numerical simulations that are presented in the book would serve to reveal the consequences of the logical structure of the disease transmission, quantitatively as well as qualitatively. One of the chapters introduces the optimal control approach towards the mathematical models, describing the optimal drug dosage process that is discussed with the basic deterministic models dealing with stability analysis. Another one chapter deals with the mathematical analysis for the perfect drug adherence for different drug dynamics during the treatment management. The last chapter of the book consists the stochastic approach to the disease dynamics on HIV/AIDS. This method helps to move the disease HIV/AIDS to extinction as the time to increase. This book will appeal to undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as researchers, who are studying and working in the field of bio-mathematical modelling on infectious diseases, applied mathematics, health informatics, applied statistics and qualitative public health, etc. Social workers, who are working in the field of HIV, will also find the book useful for complements.

Infectious Diseases of Humans

Infectious Diseases of Humans
Author: Roy M. Anderson
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 772
Release: 1991
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9780198540403

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This book deals with infectious diseases -- viral, bacterial, protozoan and helminth -- in terms of the dynamics of their interaction with host populations. The book combines mathematical models with extensive use of epidemiological and other data. This analytic framework is highly useful for the evaluation of public health strategies aimed at controlling or eradicating particular infections. Such a framework is increasingly important in light of the widespread concern for primary health care programs aimed at such diseases as measles, malaria, river blindness, sleeping sickness, and schistosomiasis, and the advent of AIDS/HIV and other emerging viruses. Throughout the book, the mathematics is used as a tool for thinking clearly about fundamental and applied problems having to do with infectious diseases. The book is divided into two parts, one dealing with microparasites (viruses, bacteria and protozoans) and the other with macroparasites (helminths and parasitic arthropods). Each part begins with simple models, developed in a biologically intuitive way, and then goes on to develop more complicated and realistic models as tools for public health planning. The book synthesizes previous work in this rapidly growing field (much of which is scattered between the ecological and the medical literature) with a good deal of new material.

Dynamics of HIV Treatment and Social Contagion

Dynamics of HIV Treatment and Social Contagion
Author: Alison Lynn Hill
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2013
Genre:
ISBN:

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Modern-day management of infectious diseases is critically linked to the use of mathematical models to understand and predict dynamics at many levels, from the mechanisms of pathogenesis to the patterns of population-wide transmission and evolution. This thesis describes the development and application of mathematical techniques for HIV infection and dynamics on social networks. Treatment of HIV infection has improved dramatically in the past few decades but is still limited by the development of drug resistance and the inability of current therapies to completely eradicate the virus from an individual. We begin with a synthesis of the important evolutionary principles governing the HIV epidemic, emphasizing the role of modeling. We then describe a modeling framework to study the emergence of drug-resistant HIV within a patient. Our model integrates laboratory data and patient behavior, with the goal of predicting outcomes of clinical trials. Current results demonstrate how pharmacologic properties of antiretroviral drugs affect selection for drug resistance, and can explain drug-class-specific resistance risks. Thirdly, we describe models for a new class of drugs that aim to eliminate cells with latent viral infection. We provide estimates for the required efficacy of these drugs and describe the potential challenges of future clinical trials. Finally, models and mechanisms for understanding viral dynamics are increasingly finding applications outside traditional virology. They can be used to study the dynamics of behaviors, to help predict and intervene in their spread. We describe techniques for applying infectious disease models to social contagion, drawing on techniques for network epidemiology. We use this framework to interpret data on the interpersonal spread of health-related behaviors.

Modeling and Control of Infectious Diseases in the Host

Modeling and Control of Infectious Diseases in the Host
Author: Esteban A. Hernandez-Vargas
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 256
Release: 2019-02-15
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0128130520

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Modeling and Control of Infectious Diseases in the Host: With MATLAB and R provides a holistic understanding of health and disease by presenting topics on quantitative decision-making that influence the development of drugs. The book presents modeling advances in different viral infections, dissecting detailed contributions of key players, along with their respective interactions. By combining tailored in vivo experiments and mathematical modeling approaches, the book clarifies the relative contributions of different underlying mechanisms within hosts of the most lethal viral infections, including HIV, influenza and Ebola. Illustrative examples for parameter fitting, modeling and control applications are explained using MATLAB and R. Provides a multi-scale framework to link within-host infection dynamics (individual level) to between-host transmission fitness (epidemiological level) in viral infectious diseases Includes PK/PD modeling and simulation approaches to improve efficiency and decision-making at preclinical development phases Presents a theoretic approach to schedule drug treatments

Modern Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Modern Infectious Disease Epidemiology
Author: Alexander Krämer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 441
Release: 2010-01-23
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0387938354

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Hardly a day goes by without news headlines concerning infectious disease threats. Currently the spectre of a pandemic of influenza A|H1N1 is raising its head, and heated debates are taking place about the pro’s and con’s of vaccinating young girls against human papilloma virus. For an evidence-based and responsible communication of infectious disease topics to avoid misunderstandings and overreaction of the public, we need solid scientific knowledge and an understanding of all aspects of infectious diseases and their control. The aim of our book is to present the reader with the general picture and the main ideas of the subject. The book introduces the reader to methodological aspects of epidemiology that are specific for infectious diseases and provides insight into the epidemiology of some classes of infectious diseases characterized by their main modes of transmission. This choice of topics bridges the gap between scientific research on the clinical, biological, mathematical, social and economic aspects of infectious diseases and their applications in public health. The book will help the reader to understand the impact of infectious diseases on modern society and the instruments that policy makers have at their disposal to deal with these challenges. It is written for students of the health sciences, both of curative medicine and public health, and for experts that are active in these and related domains, and it may be of interest for the educated layman since the technical level is kept relatively low.

Preventing HIV Transmission

Preventing HIV Transmission
Author: National Research Council and Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 352
Release: 1995-09-14
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0309176212

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This volume addresses the interface of two major national problems: the epidemic of HIV-AIDS and the widespread use of illegal injection drugs. Should communities have the option of giving drug users sterile needles or bleach for cleaning needs in order to reduce the spread of HIV? Does needle distribution worsen the drug problem, as opponents of such programs argue? Do they reduce the spread of other serious diseases, such as hepatitis? Do they result in more used needles being carelessly discarded in the community? The panel takes a critical look at the available data on needle exchange and bleach distribution programs, reaches conclusions about their efficacy, and offers concrete recommendations for public policy to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS. The book includes current knowledge about the epidemiologies of HIV/AIDS and injection drug use; characteristics of needle exchange and bleach distribution programs and views on those programs from diverse community groups; and a discussion of laws designed to control possession of needles, their impact on needle sharing among injection drug users, and their implications for needle exchange programs.

The Global HIV Epidemics among Sex Workers

The Global HIV Epidemics among Sex Workers
Author: Deanna Kerrigan
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 344
Release: 2012-12-01
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0821397753

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A global economic analysis of HIV infection amongst sex workers, finding that evidence based and rights affirming interventions are not implemented to the level that their efficacy warrants, and that doing so at scale would be cost effective and deliver significant returns on investment.