The outgrowth of an historic international conference on Buddhist ethics in the modern world, this volume offers a comprehensive overview of the status of the Buddhist tradition in a contemporary and global context. Buddhist experts from several Asian and Western nations address a number of ethical problems from the Buddhist perspective, including medical and environmental ethics, feminism, the social impacts of materialism, and ethnic minorities. All major schools of Buddhism are represented--Mahayana, Theravada, and Vajrayana--as well as a variety of sects such as Ch'an/Zen, Lojong, and Pure Land. The diverse cultural settings of Buddhism are also well illustrated, ranging from China to Japan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and the United States. Throughout, the Buddhist values of compassion and tolerance inform the discussions. The papers are organized within a temporal framework in order to demonstrate the ongoing evolution of Buddhist thought. Part One explores the historical roots of Buddhism and examines the concepts and practices that continue to exert a pervasive influence on Buddhist ethical principles. The second group of essays confronts the pressing concerns of our times--ecology, nuclear war, capitalism, and more--re-evaluating them from a distinctly Buddhist perspective. The third and final section is concerned with projections of Buddhism's future and its continuing evolution. The contributors suggest ways in which Buddhist thought may be adapted to meet the needs of a multi-cultural world and may even act as a unifying force among diverse cultures. A glossary of Buddhist terms is included to enhance the understanding of readers at all levels. Essential reading for courses of Buddhist thought, this volume vividly demonstrates how the insights of Buddhism can help us effectively address the critical challenges of contemporary life.