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| Author | : Carolyn Diane Morgenstern |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 1991 |
| Genre | : Atmospheric electricity |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Carolyn Diane Morgenstern |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 218 |
| Release | : 1991 |
| Genre | : Atmospheric electricity |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : D. R. MacGorman |
| Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
| Total Pages | : 436 |
| Release | : 1998 |
| Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
| ISBN | : 9780195073379 |
Rapid progress during the last twenty years has created a host of new technologies for studying electrical storms, including lightning mapping systems, new radars, satellite sensors, and new ways of measuring electric field and particle charge. This book explains how these advances have revolutionized our understanding. The books provides substantial background material, making it accessible to a broad scientific audience.
| Author | : Brian Richard Hoeth |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 264 |
| Release | : 1998 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Chungu Lu |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 324 |
| Release | : 1988 |
| Genre | : Lightning |
| ISBN | : |
This study is mainly concentrated on examining the positive cloud-to-ground lightning activity associated with Mesoscale Convective Systems. Six MCS events which occurred during the O.K. PRE-STORM program in 1985 are studied. Data indicating the location and polarity of the cloud-to-ground lightning flashes from a lightning location network are analyzed in conjunction with the low-level echo patterns as obtained from radar. Spatial and temporal characteristics of positive cloud-to-ground flashes are identified from the data analysis. For all cases examined, positive cloud-to-ground flashes were found most commonly in the stratiform regions of the MCSs examined, and their frequency tended to peak during the later stages of the storm lifecycle. Two mechanisms responsible for the occurrence of positive cloud-to-ground lightning flashes with the above spatial and temporal characteristics are discussed. Based on the laboratory results, a 1-D charge generation model is developed. The model results show that in-situ charging is unlikely to be the dominant mechanism for charge generation in the stratiform region under normal atmospheric conditions. Sensitivity studies show, however, that in-situ charging processes strongly depend upon the liquid water, graupel and snow contents in the cloud. Under favorable atmospheric conditions, in-situ charging may lead to a significant charge generation. Hence, we cannot completely dismiss in-situ charging mechanism. Analysis of wind fields from dual-Doppler radar in combination with vertical profile of electric fields indicates that charge advection from the convective region to the stratiform region of MCSs may be a potential mechanism responsible for the occurrence of positive cloud-to-ground lightning flashes in the stratiform region.
| Author | : Walter A. Petersen |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 225 |
| Release | : 1992 |
| Genre | : Convection (Meteorology) |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 1164 |
| Release | : 2003 |
| Genre | : Meteorology |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Jeffrey Alan Makowski |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 180 |
| Release | : 2010 |
| Genre | : Convection (Meteorology) |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Joshua Santarpia |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 134 |
| Release | : 2001 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Charles Lee Hodapp |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2010 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
Two mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) passed over the Houston Lightning Detection and Ranging (LDAR) network on 31 October 2005 and 21 April 2006. As the MCSs traverse the LDAR network, the systems slowly mature with a weakening convective line and a developing stratiform region and radar bright band. The intensification of stratiform region precipitation, including the bright band, is thought to play an important role in stratiform lightning structure, charge structure, and total lightning production of MCSs. The stratiform areas quadruple in size and the mean reflectivity values increase substantially by ~ 6 dB. As the stratiform region matures, VHF source density plots show a lightning pathway that slopes rearward and downward from the back of the convective line and into the stratiform region. At early times for both MCSs, the pathway extends horizontally rearward 40 to 50 km into the stratiform region at an altitude of 9 to 12 km. Near the end of the analysis time period, the pathway slopes rearward 40 km and downward through the transition zone before extending 40 to 50 km in the stratiform region at an altitude of 4 - 7 km. The sloping pathway likely results from charged ice particles advected from the convective line by storm relative front-to-rear flow while the level pathway extending further into the stratiform region is likely caused by both charge advection and local in-situ charging. As the stratiform region matures, the stratiform flash rates double and lightning heights decrease. The percentage of lightning flashes originating in the stratiform region increases significantly from 10 - 20% to 50 - 60%. Overall, the number of positive cloud-to-ground flashes in the stratiform region also increases. Between both MCSs, 60% of the positive CGs originated in the convective or transition regions. Both in-situ charging mechanisms created by the development of the mesoscale updraft and charge advection by the front-to-rear flow likely contribute to the increased electrification and lightning in the stratiform region.
