Annotation In many low- and middle-income countries, if civil service reforms are to succeed, governments must improve their performance in a cost-effective manner. To do so requires that they strengthen the capacity of government employees to do their jobs. This book assembles a group of essays that reflect the complexities of designing civil service pay and employment reforms. It builds on a previous set of studies that identified problems and introduces current work that offers prescriptions based on better information, deeper analysis, and more extensive experience with reform implementation. The volume is divided into two parts. Part I introduces the new studies and documents the nature and extent of prevailing difficulties. Chapters on Somalia and Tanzania offer detailed strategies for reform based on empirical findings. Part II examines lessons learned from the implementation of reforms in civil service pay and employment. It draws on evidence from the World Bank's decade-long experience in helping governments implement such reforms and on the extensive reform process in Ghana.