Circadian Rhythms in Bacteria and Microbiomes

Circadian Rhythms in Bacteria and Microbiomes
Author: Carl Hirschie Johnson
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 424
Release: 2021-06-21
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3030721582
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This book addresses multiple aspects of biological clocks in prokaryotes. The first part of the book deals with the circadian clock system in cyanobacteria, i.e. the pioneer of bacterial clocks. Starting with the history and background of cyanobacteria and circadian rhythms in microorganisms, the topics range from the molecular basis, structure and evolution of the circadian clock to modelling approaches, Kai systems in cyanobacteria and biotechnological applications. In the second part, emergent timekeeping properties of bacteria in microbiomes and bacteria other than cyanobacteria are discussed. Since the discovery of circadian rhythms in cyanobacteria in the late 1980s, the field has exploded with new information. The cyanobacterial model system for studying circadian rhythms (Synechococcus elongatus), has allowed a detailed genetic dissection of the bacterial clock due to state-of-the-art methods in molecular, structural, and evolutionary biology. Cutting-edge research spanning from cyanobacteria and circadian phenomena in other kinds of bacteria, to microbiomes has now given the field another major boost. This book is aimed at junior and senior researchers alike. Students or researchers new to the field of biological clocks in prokaryotes will get a comprehensive overview, while more experienced researchers will get an update on the latest developments.

Bacterial Circadian Programs

Bacterial Circadian Programs
Author: Jayna L. Ditty
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 337
Release: 2009-02-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3540884319
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Since the discovery of circadian rhythms in cyanobacteria in the late 1980s, the field has exploded with new information. The cyanobacterial model system for studying circadian rhythms, "Synechococcus elongatus", has allowed a detailed genetic dissection of the bacterial clock due to the methods currently available in molecular, structural, and evolutionary biology. This book addresses multiple aspects of bacterial circadian programs: the history and background of the cyanobacteria and circadian rhythms in microorganisms, the molecular basis, structure, and evolution of the circadian clock, entrainment of the oscillator with the environment and the control of downstream processes by the clock, the demonstration of adaptive significance and the prokaryotic clock’s remarkable stability, and mathematical and synthetic oscillator models for clock function. Experts in the field provide a timely and comprehensive review and a stepping-stone for future work on this amazing group of microorganisms and timing.

Circadian Rhythms and the Gut Microbiome in the Fruit Fly, Drosophila Melanogaster

Circadian Rhythms and the Gut Microbiome in the Fruit Fly, Drosophila Melanogaster
Author: Isaiah Fitzmaurice
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023
Genre: Biology
ISBN:
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Circadian rhythms (CRs) are 24-hour oscillations of physiological rhythms that regulate behavior, physiology, and metabolism in many organisms. CRs originate within an organism and are established via regular exposure to recurring stimuli such as sunlight. All organisms with an intestinal tract harbor a community of bacteria called the commensal gut microbiome (GM). The GM is largely influenced by the host CR and has been shown to cycle in mammals. Also, the GM has been shown to impact the expression of host circadian clock genes in mammals. These host-gut interactions have not been extensively studied in non-mammals. In our study, we documented the cycling of the GM and its impact on the host CR in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. To study the cycling of the GM, the guts of flies with a functional and non-functional circadian clock were wholly dissected out to examine rhythmic changes in taxa. To examine GM impact on the host CR, flies with and without a GM were examined for food-seeking behavior. We found that taxa in both genotypes cycled, but more taxa cycled in functional CR hosts than in nonfunctional, potentially indicating the host clock is not the only driver of rhythmicity. We also found that flies with and without a GM have differing time-of-day feeding preference, which may indicate the gut microbiome impacts the host CR to some degree.

The Genetics of Circadian Rhythms

The Genetics of Circadian Rhythms
Author: Stuart Brody
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 269
Release: 2011-09-26
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0123876907
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In this book an international group of authors describes recent research on circadian rhythms in bacteria, fungi, plants, animals, and humans.

Therapeutic Implications of Circadian Rhythms

Therapeutic Implications of Circadian Rhythms
Author: Guangrui Yang
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Total Pages: 98
Release: 2015-10-12
Genre: Circadian rhythms
ISBN: 2889196658
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Circadian rhythms are biological processes displaying endogenous and entrainable oscillations of about 24 hours. They are driven by a group of genes called clock genes that have been widely observed in plants, animals and even in bacteria. In mammals, the core clock genes are rhythmically expressed in both the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master clock residing in the hypothalamus, and almost all peripheral tissues where they control numerous target genes in a circadian manner, and thus affect many physiological and biochemical processes. Evidence suggests that disruption of the circadian rhythms (or desynchronization) is a significant risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and sleep disorders. Evidence also suggests that the disruption suppresses immune function and increases vulnerability to infectious diseases. Restoring or strengthening the circadian rhythm may be therapeutic for these conditions. This becomes exceptionally important in modern societies because many people are suffering from frequent desynchronization due to shift working, exposure to artificial light, travel by transmeridian air flight, and involvement in social activities. Besides, the temporal variations in the incidence and severity of many diseases, such as the onset of cardiovascular events, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), inflammatory diseases and mental disorders have also drawn increasing attention to the circadian clock. The circadian rhythms affect not only the health status, but also the drug efficiency. The effects (and side effects) of many drugs vary with biological timing. The tolerance of many medications displays circadian variation as well. The timing of medical treatment in coordination with the body clock may significantly increase the desired effects of drugs, and lower the dose and toxicity. In addition, circadian rhythms can also be modulated by some therapeutic drugs, for example, melatonin and modafinil, which are used to treat circadian rhythm sleep disorders. In this Research Topic, we assemble a series of critical review and research articles that focus on the therapeutic implications of circadian rhythms. Topics include, but are not limited to: • Circadian disruption caused diseases or disorders and related intervention • Temporal manifestation of diseases or disorders and therapeutic implications • The effects of circadian rhythms on drugs • The effects of drugs on circadian rhythms

Temporal Microbiome Dynamics

Temporal Microbiome Dynamics
Author: Celeste Allaband
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2022
Genre:
ISBN:
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Microbial life is all around us and inside us in an unseen vast and varied ecosystem. For the past several decades, the microbiome field has attempted to characterize this microscopic web of life using next generation sequencing technology. It turns out that the number of host organism cells is generally outnumbered by the number of microbial cells that live on and within them. Moreover, these microbes collectively have two orders of magnitude more genes than their host organism. While the host organism's genome stays constant during its life, the microbial community and its associated genes change much more frequently. Since microbial lifespans are sometimes measured in minutes, selective pressures in the host micro-environments can rapidly affect the evolution and gene content of the microorganisms present. Over the course of a lifetime, the host winds up with a unique set of microbes selected to fit their unique individual environment, from immune system quirks to specialized diets to biological rhythms. However, despite biological rhythms having always played a role in host behavior and survival, the impact of time on health has been a widely neglected realm until recently. The basic argument of this thesis is that time is an underappreciated but critical variable that impacts both experimental study design as well as host health.

Circadian Rhythm

Circadian Rhythm
Author: Mohamed A. El-Esawi
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 168
Release: 2018-07-04
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1789233380
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Circadian clocks are endogenous and temperature-compensating timekeepers that provide temporal organization of biological processes in living organisms. Circadian rhythms allow living organisms to adapt to the daily light cycles associated with Earth's rotation and to anticipate and prepare for precise and regular environmental changes. This book discusses the fundamental advances of how the circadian clock regulates critical biological functions as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling circadian rhythm in living organisms. It also provides new insights into and sheds new light on the current research trends and future research directions related to circadian rhythm. This book provokes interest in many readers, researchers and scientists, who can find this information useful for the advancement of their research works towards a better understanding of circadian rhythm regulatory mechanisms.

Biological Timekeeping: Clocks, Rhythms and Behaviour

Biological Timekeeping: Clocks, Rhythms and Behaviour
Author: Vinod Kumar
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 663
Release: 2017-02-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 8132236882
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This book is a concise, comprehensive and up-to-date account of fundamental concepts and potential applications of biological timekeeping mechanisms in animals and humans. It also discusses significant aspects of the organization and importance of timekeeping mechanisms in both groups. Divided into seven sections, it addresses important aspects including fundamental concepts; animal and human clocks; clock interactions; clocks and metabolism and immune functions; pineal, melatonin and timekeeping; and clocks, photoperiodism and seasonal behaviours. The book also focuses on biological clock applications in a 24x7 human society, particularly in connection with life-style associated disorders like obesity and diabetes. It is a valuable resource for advanced undergraduates, researchers and professionals engaged in the study of the science of biological timekeeping.

Circadian Rhythms

Circadian Rhythms
Author: Michael Young
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 951
Release: 2005-04-04
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0080455409
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The critically acclaimed laboratory standard, Methods in Enzymology, is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. The series contains much material still relevant today - truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences. Circadian Rhythms contains an extensive discussion of genetic and biochemical aspects of circadian rhythms. In this volume organisms such as neurospora, bacteria, drosophila, arabidopsis and mammals are covered. Included are methods in genetics, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, tissue culture, and populations are discussed in detail. * One of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry since 1955 * Frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike * Truly an essential publication for anyone in any field of the life sciences

Nutritional Epigenomics

Nutritional Epigenomics
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 478
Release: 2019-07-20
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 0128173106
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Nutritional Epigenomics offers a comprehensive overview of nutritional epigenomics as a mode of study, along with nutrition’s role in the epigenomic regulation of disease, health and developmental processes. Here, an expert team of international contributors introduces readers to nutritional epigenomic regulators of gene expression, our diet’s role in epigenomic regulation of disease and disease inheritance, caloric restriction and exercise as they relate to recent epigenomic findings, and the influence of nutritional epigenomics over circadian rhythms, aging and longevity, and fetal health and development, among other processes. Disease specific chapters address metabolic disease (obesity and diabetes), cancer, and neurodegeneration, among other disorders. Diet-gut microbiome interactions in the epigenomic regulation of disease are also discussed, as is the role of micronutrients and milk miRNAs in epigenetic regulation. Finally, chapter authors examine ongoing discussions of race and ethnicity in the social-epigenomic regulation of health and disease. Empowers the reader to employ nutritional epigenomics approaches in their own research Discusses the latest topics in nutritional epigenomics in the regulation of aging, circadian rhythm, inheritance and fetal development, as well as metabolism and disease Offers a full grounding in epigenetic reprogramming and nutritional intervention in the treatment and prevention of disease, as informed by population-based studies