Chinese Global Exploration In The Pre-columbian Era: Evidence From An Ancient World Map

Chinese Global Exploration In The Pre-columbian Era: Evidence From An Ancient World Map
Author: Sheng-wei Wang
Publisher: World Scientific
Total Pages: 451
Release: 2023-10-16
Genre: History
ISBN: 9811271100

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How early did the Chinese explore the world? Did the Treasure Fleets, led by Admiral Zheng He, discover many parts of the world before Christopher Columbus? While it is known that Christopher Columbus discovered America and Europe ushered in the Age of Discovery, there is an ongoing debate on the 'unknown' areas depicted in Western maps from the period and earlier. There is agreement among scholars that certain areas seem to have been mapped out prior to the arrival of Western explorers.Chinese Global Exploration in the Pre-Columbian Era: Evidence from an Ancient World Map analyses the world's first modern map — known as Kunyu Wanguo Quantu (KWQ) 《坤輿萬國全圖》 in Chinese, translated as the 'Complete Geographical Map of All Kingdoms of the World' to demonstrate evidence of Chinese global exploration in the Pre-Columbian era. The map of concern was first printed by Italian missionary, Matteo Ricci in 1602, and has been purported to be of entirely European origin, based on Ricci's former maps which he had brought to China in 1582.This book, thus, seeks to be transformational in presenting essential new insights on Pre-Columbian world history and Chinese global exploration, moving away from the norm of the studies of geography and cartography by:

New World Secrets on Ancient Asian Maps

New World Secrets on Ancient Asian Maps
Author: Charlotte Harris Rees
Publisher: Light Messages Publishing
Total Pages: 193
Release: 2014-07-02
Genre: History
ISBN: 1611531098

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Charlotte Harris Rees is an independent researcher, a retired federal employee, and an honors graduate of Columbia International University. She has diligently studied the possibility of very early arrival of Chinese to America. In 2003 Rees and her brother took the Harris Map Collection to the Library of Congress where it remained for three years while being studied. In 2006 she published an abridged version of her father's, The Asiatic Fathers of America: Chinese Discovery and Colonization of Ancient America. Her Secret Maps of the Ancient World came out in 2008. In 2011 she released Chinese Sailed to America Before Columbus: More Secrets from the Dr. Hendon M. Harris, Jr. Map Collection. In 2013 she published Did Ancient chinese Explore America? Her books are listed by World Confederation of Institutes and Libraries for Chinese Overseas Studies.

The Chinese Origin of the Age of Discovery

The Chinese Origin of the Age of Discovery
Author: Chao C. Chien
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Total Pages: 522
Release: 2017-07-11
Genre:
ISBN: 9781548435554

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The history of the Age of Discovery has long been questioned by scholars and laypersons. The era erupted onto history suddenly. What spurred Europeans on to go to sea? How did Columbus obtain his inspiration to sail west to reach China or India? Indeed, even experts cannot agree on where he was going. Was it really India or China, or was it Japan-Cipangu? We're told that he carried with him a letter for the "Great Khan," who had not existed for 100 years, and a translator who spoke Arabic. Why Arabic; did the Indians, Chinese, or Japanese speak Arabic? Then, as if by miracle, while it took the Portuguese 80 years to struggle down the western African coast to reach the Cape of Good Hope, it took Columbus merely a few months to "discover" the Caribbean. It is all too fantastic, yet we accept it as history. Do you know how hard it is to sail the world's oceans? Today we have all kinds of devices to help us navigate the treacherous waters. We have satellite guidance for navigation, and sonar to detect hazards, for instance. Then, as all sailboat owners know, you must take sailing classes in order to obtain a sailing permit. To tell us that in the 15th century Europeans explorers went to sea en masse and discovered all sorts of lands hitherto unknown to them at a time when many people thought the earth was flat and that the Atlantic Ocean, called the Sea of Darkness, was not to be ventured in is a hard sell. Yet the Europeans did go to sea, and they did reach these lands. So the question remains: Why did they do it, and how did they do it? What made them suddenly want to explore, and how did they know how to sail the oceans? We're in the 21st century. We can now sail to the outer edges of the solar system and beyond. Divine inspiration as an explanation no longer cuts it. As it were, the answer is simple. The conundrum is only the result of our historians refusing to look beyond their own culture. If we turn the history book page and look at that of other peoples in this world besides Europeans, we see the other parts of the picture. There were others that sailed the oceans too, and they had been doing it a lot earlier than Europeans! They braved the trails and passed on to the Europeans their maritime knowledge. In early 15th century the Chinese launched an epic maritime program. Headed by the legendary Admiral Zheng He, a magnificent Chinese fleet consisting of some 200 ocean-going ships built using the most advanced naval technologies the world had seen braved the world's oceans for almost 30 years. Most Western scholars are unaware of this grand event. However, the European intelligentsia and mapmakers of the Age of Discovery knew about it. They did not know who these ancient Argonauts were, but they had records of their enterprise. It is these documents that incited and enabled the European explorers to go to sea. Nah! Nonsense! But it's not nonsense. It is not even speculation. The records are there, IN EUROPEAN HANDS! This book is the research into those records; that evidence. Through diligent and meticulous analyses a lost history is reconstructed. The hundreds years old records are deciphered and the real history has emerged. It tells of a glorious and intriguing story, and the whole saga reads like a whodunit. If ever there is a page-turner, this is one. The history reconstruction effort is not merely to explain what made Columbus do what he did. It bears on history itself. It is intimately tied to the explosion of Western science and technologies, and the blossoming of the Renaissance, ultimately the rise of the West and its domination of the world. Putting it succinctly, this book is simply a must read for all historians and knowledge seekers, regardless of nationality.

1434

1434
Author: Gavin Menzies
Publisher: HarperCollins UK
Total Pages: 99
Release: 2008
Genre: History
ISBN: 0007269374

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The brilliance of the Renaissance laid the foundation of the modern world. Textbooks tell us that it came about as a result of a rediscovery of the ideas and ideals of classical Greece and Rome. But now bestselling historian Gavin Menzies makes the startling argument that in the year 1434, China--then the world's most technologically advanced civilization--provided the spark that set the European Renaissance ablaze. From that date onward, Europeans embraced Chinese intellectual ideas, discoveries, and inventions, all of which form the basis of western civilization today.--From amazon.com.

1421

1421
Author: Gavin Menzies
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2004
Genre: America
ISBN:

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Argues that the Chinese discovered America and established colonies there before Columbus and that European explorers such as Magellan and Cook "discovered" new lands using pre-existing Chinese maps.

Qing Colonial Enterprise

Qing Colonial Enterprise
Author: Laura Hostetler
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 300
Release: 2005-12-15
Genre: History
ISBN: 9780226354217

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In Qing Colonial Enterprise, Laura Hostetler shows how Qing China (1636-1911) used cartography and ethnography to pursue its imperial ambitions. She argues that far from being on the periphery of developments in the early modern period, Qing China both participated in and helped shape the new emphasis on empirical scientific knowledge that was simultaneously transforming Europe—and its colonial empires—at the time. Although mapping in China is almost as old as Chinese civilization itself, the Qing insistence on accurate, to-scale maps of their territory was a new response to the difficulties of administering a vast and growing empire. Likewise, direct observation became increasingly important to Qing ethnographic writings, such as the illustrated manuscripts known as "Miao albums" (from which twenty color paintings are reproduced in this book). These were intended to educate Qing officials about various non-Han peoples so that they could govern these groups more effectively.Hostetler's groundbreaking account will interest anyone studying the history of the early modern period and colonialism.

The Assault on Reason

The Assault on Reason
Author: Al Gore
Publisher: A&C Black
Total Pages: 322
Release: 2008-01-01
Genre: Biography & Autobiography
ISBN: 0747593345

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A powerful indictment of the Bush-led radical Right's disdain for the principles of reasoned decision-making, and a rallying cry for a return to reason-based policies at home and abroad.

Global History with Chinese Characteristics

Global History with Chinese Characteristics
Author: Manuel Perez-Garcia
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 272
Release: 2020-11-02
Genre: History
ISBN: 9811578656

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This open access book considers a pivotal era in Chinese history from a global perspective. This book’s insight into Chinese and international history offers timely and challenging perspectives on initiatives like “Chinese characteristics”, “The New Silk Road” and “One Belt, One Road” in broad historical context. Global History with Chinese Characteristics analyses the feeble state capacity of Qing China questioning the so-called “High Qing” (shèng qīng 盛清) era’s economic prosperity as the political system was set into a “power paradox” or “supremacy dilemma”. This is a new thesis introduced by the author demonstrating that interventionist states entail weak governance. Macao and Marseille as a new case study aims to compare Mediterranean and South China markets to provide new insights into both modern eras’ rising trade networks, non-official institutions and interventionist impulses of autocratic states such as China’s Qing and Spain’s Bourbon empires.

1421: The Year China Discovered The World

1421: The Year China Discovered The World
Author: Gavin Menzies
Publisher: Random House
Total Pages: 690
Release: 2003-11-25
Genre: History
ISBN: 0553815229

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In 1421, the largest fleet the world had ever seen set sail from China under the command of Emperor Zhu Di's loyal eunuch admirals. But by the time they returned home, Zhu Di had lost control and China was turning inwards, leaving the records of their discoveries to be forgotten for centuries.

American History: A Very Short Introduction

American History: A Very Short Introduction
Author: Paul S. Boyer
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 182
Release: 2012-08-16
Genre: History
ISBN: 0199911657

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This volume in Oxford's A Very Short Introduction series offers a concise, readable narrative of the vast span of American history, from the earliest human migrations to the early twenty-first century when the United States loomed as a global power and comprised a complex multi-cultural society of more than 300 million people. The narrative is organized around major interpretive themes, with facts and dates introduced as needed to illustrate these themes. The emphasis throughout is on clarity and accessibility to the interested non-specialist.