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| Author | : J. Bächler |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 16 |
| Release | : 1990 |
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| Author | : |
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| Total Pages | : 16 |
| Release | : 1990 |
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| Author | : Pradeep Sarin |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 177 |
| Release | : 2003 |
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| ISBN | : |
(Cont.) In the mid-rapidity region, the yield of charged particles evolves smoothly as a function of [the square root of] sNN and collision centrality. We compare our results with a compilation of data from lower energy p + p, p + A and A + A collisions and discuss their implications for various phenomenological models of particle production.
| Author | : HELIOS. |
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| Total Pages | : 18 |
| Release | : 1990 |
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| Release | : 1989 |
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The successful acceleration of light ions at the CERN SPS and at the Brookhaven AGS opened the exciting field of ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions for systematic studies. The first experiments were designed mainly to survey the reactions and to establish the essential features of the collisions. In this paper results from the WA80 experiment on transverse energy and charged particle multiplicity are reported. These two quantities are determined by most of the experiments and can be used to characterize the events. Large multiplicities and large transverse energies are correlated with violet collisions or with small impact parameters. In addition, an estimate of the energy density reached in the collision can be derived from those two measurements. One would like to know if the energy density necessary for the transition to the quark gluon plasma has been reached. The results of the first round of experiments with oxygen ions at 60 and 200 GeV per nucleon are collected in the proceedings of the Quark Matter 88 Conference. Some of these results are summarized here together with new results on multiplicity fluctuations.
| Author | : Heather M.. Gray |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 384 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : Large Hadron Collider (France and Switzerland) |
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The first measurements made by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC are presented. The charged particle multiplicity, its dependence on transverse momentum and pseudorapidity, and the relationship between mean transverse momentum and pseudorapidity are measured for events with at least one charged particle in the kinematic range [small Greek letter eta] 2.5 and pT 500 MeV. The charged particle multiplicity distributions are measured at the three centre of mass energies at which protons have been collided in the LHC: 900 GeV, 2.36 TeV and 7 TeV. The results are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo models of proton-proton collisions. All models predicted a multiplicity at least 10\% lower than was measured. They also failed to predict a sufficient increase in the multiplicity when the centre of mass energy increased from 900 GeV to 7 TeV. Updated models have already been produced using these data, which provide a significantly better description of the properties of proton-proton collisions at LHC energies.
| Author | : Heather M. Gray |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2011 |
| Genre | : Large Hadron Collider (France and Switzerland) |
| ISBN | : |
The first measurements made by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC are presented. The charged particle multiplicity, its dependence on transverse momentum and pseudorapidity, and the relationship between mean transverse momentum and pseudorapidity are measured for events with at least one charged particle in the kinematic range [small Greek letter eta] 2.5 and pT 500 MeV. The charged particle multiplicity distributions are measured at the three centre of mass energies at which protons have been collided in the LHC: 900 GeV, 2.36 TeV and 7 TeV. The results are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo models of proton-proton collisions. All models predicted a multiplicity at least 10\% lower than was measured. They also failed to predict a sufficient increase in the multiplicity when the centre of mass energy increased from 900 GeV to 7 TeV. Updated models have already been produced using these data, which provide a significantly better description of the properties of proton-proton collisions at LHC energies.
| Author | : |
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| Total Pages | : 3 |
| Release | : 2002 |
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The PHOBOS experiment at RHIC has measured the multiplicity of primary charged particles as a function of centrality and pseudorapidity in Au+Au collisions at (square root)(s{sub NN}) = 19.6, 130 and 200 GeV. Two observations indicate universal behavior of charged particle production in heavy ion collisions. The first is that forward particle production, over a range of energies, follows a universal limiting curve with a non-trivial centrality dependence. The second arises from comparisons with pp/{bar p}p and ee− data. N{sub ch}/N{sub part}/2 in nuclear collisions at high energy scales with (square root)s in a similar way as N{sub ch} in ee− collisions and has a very weak centrality dependence. These features may be related to a reduction in the leading particle effect due to the multiple collisions suffered per participant in heavy ion collisions.
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| Release | : 2016 |
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Measurements of midrapidity charged-particle multiplicity distributions, dNch/d[eta], and midrapidity transverse-energy distributions, dET/d[eta], are presented for a variety of collision systems and energies. Included are distributions for Au+Au collisions at √sNN=200, 130, 62.4, 39, 27, 19.6, 14.5, and 7.7 GeV, Cu+Cu collisions at √sNN=200 and 62.4 GeV, Cu+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV, U+U collisions at√sNN=193 GeV, d+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV, He3+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV, and p+p collisions at √sNN=200 GeV. We present centrality-dependent distributions at midrapidity in terms of the number of nucleon participants, Npart, and the number of constituent quark participants, Nqp. For all A+A collisions down to √sNN=7.7 GeV, we observed that the midrapidity data are better described by scaling with Nqp than scaling with Npart. Finally, our estimates of the Bjorken energy density, [epsilon]BJ, and the ratio of dET/d[eta] to dNch/d[eta] are presented, the latter of which is seen to be constant as a function of centrality for all systems.
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 3 |
| Release | : 2002 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
The PHOBOS experiment at RHIC has measured the multiplicity of primary charged particles as a function of centrality and pseudorapidity in Au+Au collisions at (square root)(s{sub NN}) = 19.6, 130 and 200 GeV. Two observations indicate universal behavior of charged particle production in heavy ion collisions. The first is that forward particle production, over a range of energies, follows a universal limiting curve with a non-trivial centrality dependence. The second arises from comparisons with pp/{bar p}p and ee− data. Nch/N{sub part}/2 in nuclear collisions at high energy scales with (square root)s in a similar way as N{sub ch} in ee− collisions and has a very weak centrality dependence. These features may be related to a reduction in the leading particle effect due to the multiple collisions suffered per participant in heavy ion collisions.
