Challenges to The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Challenges to The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Author: Vladislav Capek
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 368
Release: 2006-03-30
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1402030169

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The advance of scienti?c thought in ways resembles biological and geologic transformation: long periods of gradual change punctuated by episodes of radical upheaval. Twentieth century physics witnessed at least three major shifts — relativity, quantum mechanics and chaos theory — as well many lesser ones. Now, st early in the 21 , another shift appears imminent, this one involving the second law of thermodynamics. Over the last 20 years the absolute status of the second law has come under increased scrutiny, more than during any other period its 180-year history. Since the early 1980’s, roughly 50 papers representing over 20 challenges have appeared in the refereed scienti?c literature. In July 2002, the ?rst conference on its status was convened at the University of San Diego, attended by 120 researchers from 25 countries (QLSL2002) [1]. In 2003, the second edition of Le?’s and Rex’s classic anthology on Maxwell demons appeared [2], further raising interest in this emerging ?eld. In 2004, the mainstream scienti?c journal Entropy published a special edition devoted to second law challenges [3]. And, in July 2004, an echo of QLSL2002 was held in Prague, Czech Republic [4]. Modern second law challenges began in the early 1980’s with the theoretical proposals of Gordon and Denur. Starting in the mid-1990’s, several proposals for experimentally testable challenges were advanced by Sheehan, et al. By the late 1990’s and early 2000’s, a rapid succession of theoretical quantum mechanical ? challenges were being advanced by C ́ apek, et al.

Entropy and the Second Law

Entropy and the Second Law
Author: Arieh Ben-Naim
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company
Total Pages: 295
Release: 2012-05-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 981462389X

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This book presents a clear and readable description of one of the most mysterious concepts of physics: Entropy. It contains a self-learning kit that guides the reader in understanding the concepts of entropy. In the first part, the reader is asked to play the familiar twenty-Question game. Once the reader feels comfortable with playing this game and acquires proficiency in playing the game effectively (intelligently), he or she will be able to capture the elusive and used-to-be mysterious concept of entropy. There will be no more speculative or arbitrary interpretations, nor “older” or “modern” views of entropy. This book will guide readers in choosing their own interpretation of entropy. Video intro on the Bestsellers on Entropy by Arieh Ben-Naim https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5fOsKyOlHw Request Inspection Copy Contents:Introduction: From Heat Engines to Disorder, Information Spreading, Freedom, and More…Forget about Entropy for a While, Let us Go and Play iGamesThe Astounding Emergence of the Entropy of a Classical Ideal Gas out of Shannon's Measure of InformationExamples and Their Interpretations. Challenges for any Descriptor of EntropyFinally, Let Us Discuss the Most Mysterious Second Law of Thermodynamics Readership: Undergraduate and graduate students in chemistry and physics, academics and lay persons.

The Second Law

The Second Law
Author: Henry A. Bent
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Total Pages: 452
Release: 1965
Genre: Statistical thermodynamics
ISBN: 9780195008289

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Second Law of Thermodynamics

Second Law of Thermodynamics
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2011
Genre: Second law of thermodynamics
ISBN:

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The Second Law of Life

The Second Law of Life
Author: John E.J. Schmitz
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 229
Release: 2007-01-22
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 0815519303

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In this compelling, and important book, John Schmitz brings order to the world of chaos that surrounds us. The Second Law of Life refers to the second law of thermodynamics, entropy, which is an omnipresent force that quietly and crucially determines every aspect of our society, culture and daily lives. Unless we come to understand entropy, future generations will face consequences of the unstoppable laws of physics.Entropy explains the amount of energy no longer capable of doing work; in other words, wasted energy or heat loss. Each moment of every day, we lose irreplaceable energy and ômodernö technology is not helping. In fact, it is accelerating the problem at a catastrophic rate. û And we will ultimately face a heat death crisis and utter destruction of the Earth. Even actions we take to improve the environment may actually do more damage than good. For example, recycling is considered environmentally, socially and politically correct. Under the influence of entropy, however, it is a prolific waster of energy; we must look at entire systems, not just parts.It is critical that we find ways to reduce energy loss. Seeing the problems with greater clarity will lead to solutions. This fascinating and accessible journey through the second law of thermodynamics is a step in the right direction.

The Second Law of Economics

The Second Law of Economics
Author: Reiner Kümmel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 309
Release: 2011-06-24
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1441993657

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Nothing happens in the world without energy conversion and entropy production. These fundamental natural laws are familiar to most of us when applied to the evolution of stars, biological processes, or the working of an internal combustion engine, but what about industrial economies and wealth production, or their constant companion, pollution? Does economics conform to the First and the Second Law of Thermodynamics? In this important book, Reiner Kümmel takes us on a fascinating tour of these laws and their influence on natural, technological, and social evolution. Analyzing economic growth in Germany, Japan, and the United States in light of technological constraints on capital, labor, and energy, Professor Kümmel upends conventional economic wisdom by showing that the productive power of energy far outweighs its small share of costs, while for labor just the opposite is true. Wealth creation by energy conversion is accompanied and limited by polluting emissions that are coupled to entropy production. These facts constitute the Second Law of Economics. They take on unprecedented importance in a world that is facing peak oil, debt-driven economic turmoil, and threats from pollution and climate change. They complement the First Law of Economics: Wealth is allocated on markets, and the legal framework determines the outcome. By applying the First and Second Law we understand the true origins of wealth production, the issues that imperil the goal of sustainable development, and the technological options that are compatible both with this goal and with natural laws. The critical role of energy and entropy in the productive sectors of the economy must be realized if we are to create a road map that avoids a Dark Age of shrinking natural resources, environmental degradation, and increasing social tensions.

Challenges to 2nd Law of Thermodynamics, Surface Tension and Some Mech

Challenges to 2nd Law of Thermodynamics, Surface Tension and Some Mech
Author: Hamid V. Ansari
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Total Pages: 64
Release: 2012-08
Genre:
ISBN: 9783659213397

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Cohesion pressure in liquid due to inward intermolecular force on surface molecules, not surface tension, causes minimization of liquid surface. Surface tension isn't what causes horizontal wire sliding on two limbs of a U-shaped wire to be in equilibrium in any position. Incorrectness of current relations for pressure differences between inside and outside of a bubble and one related to a solid drop is proven. In surface evaporation liquid increases the potential energy of its molecules by taking heat while their kinetic energies remain unchanged. Gas temperature decreases due to surface evaporation while some net heat is transferred from gas to liquid. So if gas temperature is only a little lower than liquid temperature, some net heat will be still transferred from gas to liquid due to surface evaporation and finally gas and liquid will be isothermal in a temperature lower than the initial temperature. This violates the 2nd law of thermodynamics. An equation is presented in case of its solving wave equation can be solved for general spreading of cylindrical wave. Using it, general spreading of cylindrical wave for large distances is obtained which consists of arbitrary functions.

Modern Thermodynamics

Modern Thermodynamics
Author: Jitao Wang
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 290
Release: 2011-10-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3642113494

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"Modern Thermodynamics- Based on the Extended Carnot Theorem" provides comprehensive definitions and mathematical expressions of both classical and modern thermodynamics. The goal is to develop the fundamental theory on an extended Carnot theorem without incorporating any extraneous assumptions. In particular, it offers a fundamental thermodynamic and calculational methodology for the synthesis of low-pressure diamonds. It also discusses many "abnormal phenomena", such as spiral reactions, cyclic reactions, chemical oscillations, low-pressure carat-size diamond growth, biological systems, and more. The book is intended for chemists and physicists working in thermodynamics, chemical thermodynamics, phase diagrams, biochemistry and complex systems, as well as graduate students in these fields. Jitao Wang is a professor emeritus at Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Energy and Entropy

Energy and Entropy
Author: Harvey S. Leff
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 331
Release: 2020-08-26
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1000170349

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Energy is typically regarded as understandable, despite its multiple forms of storage and transfer. Entropy, however, is an enigma, in part because of the common view that it represents disorder. That view is flawed and hides entropy’s connection with energy. In fact, macroscopic matter stores internal energy, and that matter’s entropy is determined by how the energy is stored. Energy and entropy are intimately linked. Energy and Entropy: A Dynamic Duo illuminates connections between energy and entropy for students, teachers, and researchers. Conceptual understanding is emphasised where possible through examples, analogies, figures, and key points. Features: Qualitative demonstration that entropy is linked to spatial and temporal energy spreading, with equilibrium corresponding to the most equitable distribution of energy, which corresponds to maximum entropy Analysis of energy and entropy of matter and photons, with examples ranging from rubber bands, cryogenic cooling, and incandescent lamps to Hawking radiation of black holes Unique coverage of numerical entropy, the 3rd law of thermodynamics, entropic force, dimensionless entropy, free energy, and fluctuations, from Maxwell's demon to Brownian ratchets, plus attempts to violate the second law of thermodynamics