Cellular And Molecular Mechanism Controlling Collective Glial Cell Migration In Drosophila
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Author | : Arun Kumar |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2013 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Cellular and Molecular Mechanism Controlling Collective Glial Cell Migration in Drosophila Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
The functionality of the complex neural network depends on the interactions between neurons and glia. While many efforts have been made to understand the neuron-neuron interactions, less is known about those amongst glial cells. Due to the complexity of the vertebrate nervous system, which comprises manifold more glia than neurons, it is hard to tackle the role of glia-glia interactions. The nervous system of Drosophila, however, has a lower glia-neuron ratio, which makes this simple animal an ideal model. I use genetic approaches at cellular resolution to dissect the cellular and molecular mechanisms of glial collective migration in vivo. In Sum, I have shown some basic mechanism controlling collective cell migration: 1) cells at the front of the collective interact with each other through anterograde and retrograde bidirectional interaction. 2) N-cad appears necessary for timely movement of glial community.
Author | : Sara Berzsenyi |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 170 |
Release | : 2010 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Cellular and Molecular Control of Collective Glial Cell Migration in Drosophilia Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
A basic characteristic of many cell types in the body is their ability to move. The developing wing of the Drosophila provides an excellent model system to follow the behavior of the chain-migrating glial cells in vitro and in vivo by time-lapse microscopy. The glial cells are organized in a head-to-tail manner and move along the axons. With UV-ablation technique, I show that the pioneer cells at the migration front are required to promote chain migration from early stages on. By ablating cells in different combination at the front of the chain, I show that the first cell isolated from its neighbors cannot move and eventually dies. By increasing the number of cells in isolation, the functionality of the group of cells gradually becomes alike that of a control chain. These data indicate that integrity in collective glial movement might be realized through “community effect”, where a certain number of cells are required to assemble and form a migratory unit. During collective movement, cells are attached to each other via cell-cell adhesion. I show for the first time that N-cad is present in the peripheral glia of the Drosophila embryo and pupa. By overexpressing or downregulating N-cad specifically in the glial cells, I observe delay or acceleration, respectively, in completion of migration but the integrity of the chain remains intact. This suggests a role for N-cad in regulating the timing of glial movement. The downregulation of N-cad in the glia causes a mild decrease in the number of glia-glia adherens junctions, however, upon N-cad overexpression, Armadillo is recruited to the cell membrane.
Author | : George Gil Fajardo Aranjuez |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2015 |
Genre | : Cytology |
ISBN | : |
Download Cellular Mechanisms that Promote the Collective Migratory Behavior of Drosophila Border Cells Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Collective migration is a type of cell movement wherein groups of cells move together as a coherent unit. Collective migration is involved in multiple aspects of development across many organisms. Different forms of collective migration are observed in many biological processes such as gastrulation, tubulogenesis, neural crest migration and wound healing. Cancer cells can also spread via collective migration in the form of cellular streams. The hallmark of collective migration is the action of cellular mechanisms that control and shape the motility of the individual cells in the group. Despite the broad impact on normal development and disease, the molecular mechanisms that facilitate collective migration are still not well understood. I used border cell migration in the Drosophila ovary to study the mechanisms that promote collective movement. Border cell migration occurs in the egg chamber, which is composed of an oocyte and supportive nurse cells enveloped by a monolayer of follicle cell epithelium. During oogenesis, border cells originate from the follicle epithelium, assemble into a cluster of 4-6 cells and migrate in a ligand-guided fashion in between the nurse cells to reach the oocyte. Through a genetic screen, I identified new genes that are important for border cell migration. One of these genes, the serine/threonine kinase drop out (dop), promotes the stereotypic migratory behavior of the border cell cluster. Dop mutant border cell clusters extend ectopic protrusions and fail to complete migration. In vivo, collectively migrating cells maintain group cohesion while negotiating various physical hindrances such as the extracellular matrix or other cells. Border cell clusters squeeze in between larger cell types while maintaining a compact shape. I discovered waves of actomyosin contractility at the periphery of the cluster. Loss of peripheral actomyosin contractility leads to the deformation of the cluster and failure to complete migration. It is important to identify these supracellular mechanisms to understand collective migration.
Author | : Sigridur Rut Franzdóttir. |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 176 |
Release | : 2008 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Glial Cell Migration in the Drosophila Eye Imaginal Disc Moleculat Controls Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Author | : Nicole Le Douarin |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 494 |
Release | : 1999-11-28 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 9780521620109 |
Download The Neural Crest Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
This 1999 edition of The Neural Crest contains comprehensive information about the neural crest, a structure unique to the vertebrate embryo, which has only a transient existence in early embryonic life. The ontogeny of the neural crest embodies the most important issues in developmental biology, as the neural crest is considered to have played a crucial role in evolution of the vertebrate phylum. Data that analyse neural crest ontogeny in murine and zebrafish embryos have been included in this revision. This revised edition also takes advantage of recent advances in our understanding of markers of neural crest cell subpopulations, and a full chapter is now devoted to cell lineage analysis. The major research breakthrough since the first edition has been the introduction of molecular biology to neural crest research, enabling an elucidation of many molecular mechanisms of neural crest development. This book is essential reading for students and researchers in developmental biology, cell biology, and neuroscience.
Author | : Gerhard Martin Technau |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 173 |
Release | : 2009-01-08 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0387782613 |
Download Brain Development in Drosophila melanogaster Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
The fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal model system to study processes of the central nervous system This book provides an overview of some major facets of recent research on Drosophila brain development.
Author | : Robert Clarke |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 220 |
Release | : 2019-03-01 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 303005067X |
Download The Unfolded Protein Response in Cancer Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
This volume presents state-of-the-art information on each of the arms of the unfolded protein response (UPR), how their activation/repression are regulated, integrated, and coordinated, how UPR components affect cancer cell biology and responsiveness to therapeutic interventions, and how UPR components/activities offer potentially novel targets for drug discovery, repurposing, and development. The volume will provide the most recent information on the signaling and regulation of the UPR, explore examples of how the UPR and/or specific components contribute to cancer biology, and identify and explore specific examples of potently new actionable targets for drug discovery and development from within the UPR and its regulation. Unique to the volume will be a specific focus on the UPR and its role in cancer biology, as well as a discussion of the role of the UPR in drug responses and resistance in cancer.
Author | : Alan R. Saltiel |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 223 |
Release | : 2007-10-05 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0387722041 |
Download Mechanisms of Insulin Action Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
More than 18 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, and about 90% of these have the type 2 form of the disease. This book attempts to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. It explores insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems.
Author | : Klaus Ebnet |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 396 |
Release | : 2015-03-04 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 3319144634 |
Download Cell Polarity 1 Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
This work provides a state-of-the art overview on the most relevant aspects of cell polarity. Volume 1 addresses cell polarity and cell migration (front-rear polarity), cell polarity and barrier formation (apico-basal polarity) and neuronal polarity. It particularly focuses on cell polarity at the molecular level and the underlying molecular mechanisms. It also elaborates the common principles and mechanisms that regulate cellular polarization in different cell types and contexts. Both volumes are intended for professors, group leaders and researchers in cell biology as well as medical professionals in the fields of anatomy, cell biology, physiology, pathology and tumor biology.
Author | : Vladimir Parpura |
Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 701 |
Release | : 2008-12-11 |
Genre | : Medical |
ISBN | : 0387794921 |
Download Astrocytes in (Patho)Physiology of the Nervous System Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Astrocytes were the original neuroglia that Ramón y Cajal visualized in 1913 using a gold sublimate stain. This stain targeted intermediate filaments that we now know consist mainly of glial fibrillary acidic protein, a protein used today as an astrocytic marker. Cajal described the morphological diversity of these cells with some ast- cytes surrounding neurons, while the others are intimately associated with vasculature. We start the book by discussing the heterogeneity of astrocytes using contemporary tools and by calling into question the assumption by classical neuroscience that neurons and glia are derived from distinct pools of progenitor cells. Astrocytes have long been neglected as active participants in intercellular communication and information processing in the central nervous system, in part due to their lack of electrical excitability. The follow up chapters review the “nuts and bolts” of ast- cytic physiology; astrocytes possess a diverse assortment of ion channels, neu- transmitter receptors, and transport mechanisms that enable the astrocytes to respond to many of the same signals that act on neurons. Since astrocytes can detect chemical transmitters that are released from neurons and can release their own extracellular signals there is an increasing awareness that they play physiological roles in regulating neuronal activity and synaptic transmission. In addition to these physiological roles, it is becoming increasingly recognized that astrocytes play critical roles during pathophysiological states of the nervous system; these states include gliomas, Alexander disease, and epilepsy to mention a few.