Cash Use Across Countries And The Demand For Central Bank Digital Currency
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Author | : Mr.Tanai Khiaonarong |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 43 |
Release | : 2019-03-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1484399609 |
Download Cash Use Across Countries and the Demand for Central Bank Digital Currency Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
The level and trend in cash use in a country will influence the demand for central bank digital currency (CBDC). While access to digital currency will be more convenient than traveling to an ATM, it only makes CBDC like a bank debit card—not better. Demand for digital currency will thus be weak in countries where cash use is already very low, due to a preference for cash substitutes (cards, electronic money, mobile phone payments). Where cash use is very high, demand should be stronger, due to a lack of cash substitutes. As the demand for CBDC is tied to the current level of cash use, we estimate the level and trend in cash use for 11 countries using four different measures. A tentative forecast of cash use is also made. After showing that declining cash use is largely associated with demographic change, we tie the level of cash use to the likely demand for CBDC in different countries. In this process, we suggest that one measure of cash use is more useful than the others. If cash is important for monetary policy, payment instrument competition, or as an alternative payment instrument in the event of operational problems with privately supplied payment methods, the introduction of CBDC may best be introduced before cash substitutes become so ubiquitous that the viability of CBDC could be in doubt.
Author | : Mr.Tanai Khiaonarong |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 43 |
Release | : 2019-03-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1498301827 |
Download Cash Use Across Countries and the Demand for Central Bank Digital Currency Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
The level and trend in cash use in a country will influence the demand for central bank digital currency (CBDC). While access to digital currency will be more convenient than traveling to an ATM, it only makes CBDC like a bank debit card—not better. Demand for digital currency will thus be weak in countries where cash use is already very low, due to a preference for cash substitutes (cards, electronic money, mobile phone payments). Where cash use is very high, demand should be stronger, due to a lack of cash substitutes. As the demand for CBDC is tied to the current level of cash use, we estimate the level and trend in cash use for 11 countries using four different measures. A tentative forecast of cash use is also made. After showing that declining cash use is largely associated with demographic change, we tie the level of cash use to the likely demand for CBDC in different countries. In this process, we suggest that one measure of cash use is more useful than the others. If cash is important for monetary policy, payment instrument competition, or as an alternative payment instrument in the event of operational problems with privately supplied payment methods, the introduction of CBDC may best be introduced before cash substitutes become so ubiquitous that the viability of CBDC could be in doubt.
Author | : Mr.Tobias Adrian |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 20 |
Release | : 2019-07-15 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1498324908 |
Download The Rise of Digital Money Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
This paper marks the launch of a new IMF series, Fintech Notes. Building on years of IMF staff work, it will explore pressing topics in the digital economy and be issued periodically. The series will carry work by IMF staff and will seek to provide insight into the intersection of technology and the global economy. The Rise of Digital Money analyses how technology companies are stepping up competition to large banks and credit card companies. Digital forms of money are increasingly in the wallets of consumers as well as in the minds of policymakers. Cash and bank deposits are battling with so-called e-money, electronically stored monetary value denominated in, and pegged to, a currency like the euro or the dollar. This paper identifies the benefits and risks and highlights regulatory issues that are likely to emerge with a broader adoption of stablecoins. The paper also highlights the risks associated with e-money: potential creation of new monopolies; threats to weaker currencies; concerns about consumer protection and financial stability; and the risk of fostering illegal activities, among others.
Author | : Mr. Tanai Khiaonarong |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 25 |
Release | : 2022-02-04 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : |
Download Falling Use of Cash and Demand for Retail Central Bank Digital Currency Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Cash use in most countries is falling slowly. On the margin, younger adults favor cash substitutes over cash. For older adults it is the reverse. Revealed preference tied to a changing population age structure seems to be the main influence on the demand for cash and why it is falling. Cash use may continue to fall, and card use (the main cash substitute) may fall by more, if CBDC is issued. The extent of this reduction depends on the demand for retail CBDC and the incentives (primarily transaction fees) that can play a determining role in CBDC adoption and use.
Author | : Mr.Itai Agur |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 38 |
Release | : 2019-11-18 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1513519883 |
Download Designing Central Bank Digital Currencies Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
We study the optimal design of a central bank digital currency (CBDC) in an environment where agents sort into cash, CBDC and bank deposits according to their preferences over anonymity and security; and where network effects make the convenience of payment instruments dependent on the number of their users. CBDC can be designed with attributes similar to cash or deposits, and can be interest-bearing: a CBDC that closely competes with deposits depresses bank credit and output, while a cash-like CBDC may lead to the disappearance of cash. Then, the optimal CBDC design trades off bank intermediation against the social value of maintaining diverse payment instruments. When network effects matter, an interest-bearing CBDC alleviates the central bank's tradeoff.
Author | : Group of Ten. Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 68 |
Release | : 2007 |
Genre | : Emigrant remittances |
ISBN | : |
Download General Principles for International Remittance Services Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Author | : Mr.John Kiff |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 66 |
Release | : 2020-06-26 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 151354778X |
Download A Survey of Research on Retail Central Bank Digital Currency Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
This paper examines key considerations around central bank digital currency (CBDC) for use by the general public, based on a comprehensive review of recent research, central bank experiments, and ongoing discussions among stakeholders. It looks at the reasons why central banks are exploring retail CBDC issuance, policy and design considerations; legal, governance and regulatory perspectives; plus cybersecurity and other risk considerations. This paper makes a contribution to the CBDC literature by suggesting a structured framework to organize discussions on whether or not to issue CBDC, with an operational focus and a project management perspective.
Author | : International Monetary Fund |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 33 |
Release | : 2021-07-29 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1513592033 |
Download The Rise of Public and Private Digital Money Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Following the companion paper on the new policy challenges related to the adoption of digital forms of money, this paper presents an operational strategy for the IMF to continue delivering on its mandate of ensuring domestic and international financial and economic stability. The paper begins by summarizing the forces driving the adoption of digital forms of money, and the new policy questions that emerge. It then focusses on how the IMF’s core activities and output will need to evolve, including surveillance, capacity development, and analytical foundations. It ends by discusses how the IMF intends to partner with other organization, and to grow and structure internal resources to fulfill this vision.
Author | : Mr.Tommaso Mancini Griffoli |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 39 |
Release | : 2018-11-12 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1484384571 |
Download Casting Light on Central Bank Digital Currencies Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Digitalization is reshaping economic activity, shrinking the role of cash, and spurring new digital forms of money. Central banks have been pondering wheter and how to adapt. One possibility is central bank digital currency (CBDC)-- a widely accessible digital form of fiat money that could be legal tender. This discussion note proposes a conceptual framework to assess the case for CBDC adoption from the perspective of users and central banks. It discusses possible CBDC designs, and explores potential benefits and costs, with a focus on the impact on monetary policy, financial stability, and integrity. This note also surveys research and pilot studies on CBDC by central banks around the world.
Author | : Wouter Bossu |
Publisher | : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND |
Total Pages | : 51 |
Release | : 2020-11-20 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 9781513561622 |
Download Legal Aspects of Central Bank Digital Currency: Central Bank and Monetary Law Considerations Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
This paper analyzes the legal foundations of central bank digital currency (CBDC) under central bank and monetary law. Absent strong legal foundations, the issuance of CBDC poses legal, financial and reputational risks for central banks. While the appropriate design of the legal framework will up to a degree depend on the design features of the CBDC, some general conclusions can be made. First, most central bank laws do not currently authorize the issuance of CBDC to the general public. Second, from a monetary law perspective, it is not evident that “currency” status can be attributed to CBDC. While the central bank law issue can be solved through rather straithforward law reform, the monetary law issue poses fundmental legal policy challenges.