Blue Carbon in Shallow Coastal Ecosystems

Blue Carbon in Shallow Coastal Ecosystems
Author: Tomohiro Kuwae
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 373
Release: 2018-09-03
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9811312958
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This book presents a comprehensive and innovative understanding of the role of shallow coastal ecosystems in carbon cycling, particularly marine carbon sequestration. Incorporating a series of forward-looking chapters, the book combines thorough reviews of the global literature and regional assessments—mainly around the Indo-Pacific region and Japan—with global perspectives to provide a thorough assessment of carbon cycling in shallow coastal systems. It advocates the expansion of blue-carbon ecosystems (mangroves, seagrass meadows, and salt marshes) into macroalgal beds, tidal flats, coral reefs, and urbanized shallow waters, demonstrating the potential of these ecosystems as new carbon sinks. Moreover, it discusses not only topics that are currently the focus of blue-carbon studies, i.e., sedimentary carbon stock and accumulation rate, but also CO2 gas exchange between the atmosphere and shallow coastal ecosystems, carbon storage in the water column as refractory organic carbon, and off-site carbon storage. Including highly original contributions, this comprehensive work inspires research beyond the specific regions covered by the chapters. The suite of new concepts and approaches is refreshing and demonstrates that blue-carbon research is indeed a vibrant new field of research, providing deep insights into neglected aspects of carbon cycling in the marine environment. At the same time the book provides guidance for policy makers to deliver benefits to society, for example the inclusion of blue carbon as a carbon offset scheme or the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in the Paris Agreement, and also for building resilience in coastal socio-ecosystems through better management. This book is intended for all those interested in the science and management of coastal ecosystems.

Climate Intervention

Climate Intervention
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 235
Release: 2015-06-17
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309305322
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The signals are everywhere that our planet is experiencing significant climate change. It is clear that we need to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from our atmosphere if we want to avoid greatly increased risk of damage from climate change. Aggressively pursuing a program of emissions abatement or mitigation will show results over a timescale of many decades. How do we actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make a bigger difference more quickly? As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses CDR, the carbon dioxide removal of greenhouse gas emissions from the atmosphere and sequestration of it in perpetuity. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration introduces possible CDR approaches and then discusses them in depth. Land management practices, such as low-till agriculture, reforestation and afforestation, ocean iron fertilization, and land-and-ocean-based accelerated weathering, could amplify the rates of processes that are already occurring as part of the natural carbon cycle. Other CDR approaches, such as bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration, direct air capture and sequestration, and traditional carbon capture and sequestration, seek to capture CO2 from the atmosphere and dispose of it by pumping it underground at high pressure. This book looks at the pros and cons of these options and estimates possible rates of removal and total amounts that might be removed via these methods. With whatever portfolio of technologies the transition is achieved, eliminating the carbon dioxide emissions from the global energy and transportation systems will pose an enormous technical, economic, and social challenge that will likely take decades of concerted effort to achieve. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration will help to better understand the potential cost and performance of CDR strategies to inform debate and decision making as we work to stabilize and reduce atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide.

Blue Carbon

Blue Carbon
Author: C. Nellemann
Publisher: UNEP/Earthprint
Total Pages: 80
Release: 2009
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9788277010601
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This report explores the potential for mitigating the impacts of climate change by improved management and protection of marine ecosystems and especially the vegetated coastal habitat, or blue carbon sinks. The objective of this report is to highlight the critical role of the oceans and ocean ecosystems in maintaining our climate and in assisting policy makers to mainstream an oceans agenda into national and international climate change initiatives. While emissions' reductions are currently at the centre of the climate change discussions, the critical role of the oceans and ocean ecosystems has been vastly overlooked.

Blue Carbon

Blue Carbon
Author: Daniel M. Alongi
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 96
Release: 2018-06-18
Genre: Science
ISBN: 331991698X
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This work summarizes the science and management of a rapidly expanding topic in climate science, namely adaptation and mitigation. The term 'blue carbon' refers to the rates, pathways and volumes of greenhouse carbon sequestered in coastal estuarine and marine ecosystems such as salt marshes, mangroves and seagrass meadows. Blue carbon and its vital role in climate change mitigation are central to this book. Readers find summaries and analysis of both the basic scientific data and data from blue carbon field projects, and a practical guide on how to manage a successful blue carbon field project. There is a discussion on how to maximize the carbon sequestration and consideration of whether blue carbon projects make a difference. The work is not only of interest to scholars involved in climate science, but also those in the marine sciences, and those in ecosystem ecology, biogeochemistry; geochemistry; estuarine and marine plant ecology.

Carbon Sequestration Rates in Coastal Blue Carbon Ecosystems

Carbon Sequestration Rates in Coastal Blue Carbon Ecosystems
Author: Ariane Arias Ortiz
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2019
Genre:
ISBN:
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Recentment s'ha descobert que els ecosistemes costaners, també coneguts com a embornals de carboni blau (praderies de fanerògames marines, manglars i marjals) igualen o fins i tot superen la capacitat dels ecosistemes terrestres per a segrestar carboni. Aquest fet ha conduït al desenvolupament d'una prometedora estratègia per a la mitigació del canvi climàtic, anomenada "Blue Carbon", basada en la conservació i la restauració d'aquests hàbitats. No obstant això, la inclusió del segrest de carboni blau com a component en els plans i polítiques per a la mitigació del canvi climàtic requereix determinar amb precisió la quantitat de carboni orgànic (CO) retingut en aquests ecosistemes, com s'acumula amb el temps, i quin és el seu destí si els embornals de carboni blau es veuen degradats. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi se centra en respondre aquestes preguntes quantificant les taxes d'acumulació de CO en els sediments d'ecosistemes costaners naturals i degradats de praderies marines i manglars. Per fer-ho, utilitzem la radiocronologia de sediments costaners utilitzant el 210Pb i n'avaluem els seus potencials i limitacions. Contribuïm amb l'anàlisi de 167 noves taxes d'acumulació de CO en sediments de praderies marines per avaluar la seva contribució al segrest de carboni a l'oceà i determinem el risc de pèrdua dels dipòsits de CO emmagatzemats als sediments de praderies marines i boscos de manglars després de la seva pertorbació. Els resultats fan reconsiderar alguns dels paradigmes acceptats a la ciència del "blue carbon": que els estocs de CO constitueixen una mesura de l'eficiència del seu segrest, que les taxes de segrest de carboni a praderies marines són ordres de magnitud superiors a les dels boscos terrestres, o que la pertorbació dels hàbitats dona com a resultat la pèrdua de la major part o la totalitat de l'estoc de CO prèviament segrestat. Globalment, vam trobar que les taxes de sedimentació als embornals de carboni blau determinen més acuradament l'eficiència de segrest de CO, independentment de la quantitat de CO als seus sediments. Tenint en compte les incerteses associades a la tècnica del 210Pb, hem estimat que les taxes de segrest de CO als sediments de les praderies marines oscil·len entre 20 i 30 g C m-2 yr-1 (o 6 -18 Tg C yr-1, globalment). Això suposa un rebaixa de 7 vegades el segrest reconegut anteriorment. Tanmateix, les estimacions revisades, encara són extraordinàriament elevades. A escala global, l'enterrament anual de CO en sediments de praderies marines contribueix entre el 4 i el 8% del CO total enterrat a l'oceà, àdhuc i ocupar menys del 0,1% de la seva superfície. La degradació dels ecosistemes costaners causa la pèrdua del CO emmagatzemat a un ritme molt més elevat que el del seu segrest. Això pot succeir en el transcurs de mesos a anys, depenent del tipus de pertorbació i de la grandària dels dipòsits de CO. Tant la pèrdua de praderies a causa d'una onada de calor marina a Austràlia, i la desforestació de manglars a Madagascar van causar pèrdues d'entre el 4 i el 20% (a les praderies) i del 20% (als manglars) del CO emmagatzemat en el primer metre de sediment després de 3 i 10 anys de la pertorbació. En tots dos estudis, les taxes de pèrdua de CO en hàbitats degradats van ser varies (> 4) vegades superiors a les taxes de retenció de CO sota condicions intactes, la qual cosa suggereix que el potencial real per a mitigar les emissions de carboni està en la conservació dels embornals de carboni blau existents i en la immediata restauració dels ecosistemes degradats per a així evitar emissions de gasos d'efecte hivernacle addicionals i rebaixar els costos de mitigació.

A Blue Carbon Primer

A Blue Carbon Primer
Author: Lisamarie Windham-Myers
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 698
Release: 2018-11-16
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 0429787766
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Key features: Captures the historic context and recent developments in science and policy arenas that address the potential for coastal wetlands to be considered as significant contributors to carbon sequestration Links multiple levels of science (biogeochemistry, geomorphology, paleoclimate, etc.) with blue carbon concepts (science, policy, mapping, operationalization, economics) in a single compendium Concludes with a discussion of future directions which covers integrated scientific approaches, impending threats and specific gaps in current knowledge Includes 7 case studies from across the globe that demonstrate the benefits and challenges of blue carbon accounting Written by over 100 leading global blue carbon experts in science and policy. Blue Carbon has emerged as a term that represents the distinctive carbon stocks and fluxes into or out of coastal wetlands such as marshes, mangroves, and seagrasses. The Blue Carbon concept has rapidly developed in science literature and is highly relevant politically, as nations and markets are developing blue carbon monitoring and management tools and policies. This book is a comprehensive and current compendium of the state of the science, the state of maps and mapping protocols, and the state of policy incentives (including economic valuation of blue carbon), with additional sections on operationalizing blue carbon projects and 7 case studies with global relevance.

World Atlas of Seagrasses

World Atlas of Seagrasses
Author: Frederick T. Short
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Total Pages: 336
Release: 2003
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 9780520240476
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Seagrasses are a vital and widespread but often overlooked coastal marine habitat. This volume provides a global survey of their distribution and conservation status.

Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management

Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management
Author: Ken W. Krauss
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 484
Release: 2021-11-23
Genre: Science
ISBN: 111963928X
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Explores how the management of wetlands can influence carbon storage and fluxes. Wetlands are vital natural assets, including their ability to take-up atmospheric carbon and restrict subsequent carbon loss to facilitate long-term storage. They can be deliberately managed to provide a natural solution to mitigate climate change, as well as to help offset direct losses of wetlands from various land-use changes and natural drivers. Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management presents a collection of wetland research studies from around the world to demonstrate how environmental management can improve carbon sequestration while enhancing wetland health and function. Volume highlights include: Overview of carbon storage in the landscape Introduction to wetland management practices Comparisons of natural, managed, and converted wetlands Impact of wetland management on carbon storage or loss Techniques for scientific assessment of wetland carbon processes Case studies covering tropical, coastal, inland, and northern wetlands Primer for carbon offset trading programs and how wetlands might contribute The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity.Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Incorporating blue carbon into Nationally Determined Contributions

Incorporating blue carbon into Nationally Determined Contributions
Author: Pham, T.T.
Publisher: CIFOR
Total Pages: 8
Release: 2019-12-31
Genre:
ISBN:
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Key messagesThis infobrief discusses the status, opportunities and challenges of incorporating blue carbon into the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) of 13 Asia-Pacific countries (Bangladesh, Cambodia, Fiji, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vanuatu and Vietnam). While the role of mangroves is fully recognized in all countries' climate-change and environmental policies, only three (Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines) explicitly referred to blue carbon terminology in their policies and established a national agency responsible for the development of a blue carbon strategy.The challenges associated with incorporating and implementing blue carbon into the NDCs of these 13 countries include a lack of data and standard methodology; weak technical capacity; a lack of coordination between government agencies and sectors; overlapping mandates and inconsistent policies; the increasing degradation of coastal wetland ecosystems; as well as funding constraints for developing and implementing policies and practices in programs focusing on the conservation of blue carbon ecosystems.Nevertheless, opportunities exist as stakeholders increase their understanding and awareness of blue carbon's role and importance at an international, national and sub-national level.The factors that can help stakeholders to seize these opportunities and contribute to the restoration of blue ecosystems include more policy and technical guidance for blue carbon management and reporting; further capacity enhancement; and improved coordination and information sharing among the relevant actors.