Seismic Monitoring in Mines

Seismic Monitoring in Mines
Author: A.J. Mendecki
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 280
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 940091539X

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Routine seismic monitoring in mines was introduced over 30 years ago with two main objectives in mind: • immediate location of larger seIsmIC events to guide rescue operations; • prediction of large rockmass instabilities. The first objective was achieved fairly quickly, but with the subsequent development of mine communication systems, its strategic importance has diminished. The very limited success with prediction can, at least partially, be attributed to three factors: • seismic monitoring systems based on analogue technology that provided noisy and, frequently, poorly calibrated data of limited dynamic range; • the non-quantitative description of a seismic event by at best its local magnitude; and • the resultant non-quantitative analysis of seismicity, frequently through parameters of some statistical distributions, with a somewhat loose but imaginative physical interpretation. The introduction of modern digital seismic systems to mines and progress in the theory and methods of quantitative seismology have enabled the implementation of realtime seismic monitoring as a management tool, quantifying rockmass response to mining and achieving the first tangible results with prediction. A seismic event, being a sudden inelastic deformation within the rockmass, can now routinely be quantified in terms of seismic moment, its tensor, and radiated seismic energy, so that the overall size of, and stress released at, the seismic source can be estimated.

Mine Seismology: Seismic Warning Concept

Mine Seismology: Seismic Warning Concept
Author: S.N. Glazer
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 212
Release: 2017-10-03
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3319623532

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This book illustrates how mine seismology can be used to improve underground safety standards. It describes several preventive actions that have been put into practice at the 5B Area of No. 5 Shaft Vaal Reefs gold mine after issuing seismic warnings. These included additional safety pillars, changes in mining sequences and directions, and a review of the mining strategy for the entire 5B area. The presented experiment with seismic warning concept was a success because it was an internal mine project. Further, the Vaal Reefs management adopted the philosophy that the success rate should be measured in the preventive actions taken, not in the success of the prediction itself. Reviewing these and other aspects, the book clearly demonstrates how mine seismology can effectively improve underground safety standards. Stefan Glazer’s book (...) addresses in a very comprehensive manner both technical and practical problems of implementing and then effectively using microseismic networks and data. (...) Stefan proves that through comprehensive microseismic data analysis the location of potential rock burst can be assessed and then prevention action plans can be developed, providing more confidence to management and workers that deposit[s] can be mine[d] safely. Michal Stawski, VP Strategic Geomechanical Specialist, PT Freeport Indonesia I began reading this story expecting to find a technical review of the science of seismology and its application in mining, [but] this book is much more than that. (...) This is a must-read for those managing seismically active mines and should provide a wake-up call to the industry as the complex morality surrounding the management of seismic risk needs to be clarified in order for this to advance. Eric Strom, Director Underground Mining, New Gold Inc. As a mining geotechnical practitioner having experience in large open pit and underground massive mining operations, I have learned that mining induced seismicity can have a significant impact on the safety and economics of operations. However, seismicity is a complex field that is generally left to specialists with little input from geotechnical engineers and engineering geologists. (...) This is a must read for mine seismologists, geotechnical practitioners and mining engineers alike, and will be a welcome and much needed addition to my own book cabinet. This will be [an] invaluable work as our industry progresses to the mining of new depths in both the underground and open pit environments. Desmond Mossop Pr.Sci.Nat., Principal Engineering Geologist, SRK Consulting

Mine Seismology: Seismic Response to the Caving Process

Mine Seismology: Seismic Response to the Caving Process
Author: S.N. Glazer
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 252
Release: 2018-08-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 331995573X

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This book presents the results of seismic data analysis and interpretation based on nearly one million seismic events. This seismicity was induced by the caving process in four copper mines, each located on a different continent. The book not only serves as an interpretation guide, it also illustrates the benefits of evaluating data from different mines: How to establish which seismic data base is faulty and why The formation of a universal seismic response to the caving process Indisputable evidence that hydro-fracturing improves underground safety This book invites discussion on more general aspects of research, such as: Basic research, applied research and implementation Predicting mine-induced seismic events Quantitative versus qualitative seismology Research versus pseudo-research What is genuine research? [In the Parlabora Mine] Stefan has demonstrated that [the] use of the seismic system was a very practical means of monitoring the progression of the cave up to and beyond break through into the open pit above. The seismic system was vital in drawing up the undercutting and seismic protocols and determining the maximum potential seismic hazard level. Peter Townsend Retired Mine Manager and Consultant I consider Stefan the pioneer of using microseismic data to provide understanding of the mechanism and progress of cave mining. Science has advanced considerably since the use of less than reliable extensometers to monitor the cave back position and Stefan was leading this advance. (...)This book provides a lot of useful insight[s] in how we can best understand the data that we (...) gather and how to change this data into useful information. Neil Hepworth C. Eng, MIMMM, Geomin Consultorio – Brazil. Consultant Mining and Geotechnics Stefan mine seismology trilogy is (...) a comprehensive tutoring on how to analyse and interpret mine induced seismicity. This coaching is based on multiple practical examples (...) presented from the problem to be solved [with] input data tests followed by analysis and interpretation. This last is presented with many details that explain the whole process. Mahdi Bayuargo, ST, MAScPT. Duaem Gada Bayuagus Managing Director

Mine Seismology: Data Analysis and Interpretation

Mine Seismology: Data Analysis and Interpretation
Author: S.N. Glazer
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 421
Release: 2016-04-27
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3319326120

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This book offers an in-depth analysis and interpretation methods applicable to mine-induced seismicity. It is based on over 40 years of experience in mine and exploration geophysics. Another unique feature of this book is the complete history of the caving process as evidenced by the recorded seismicity at the South African copper mine Palabora Lift 1. Until now, the literature has only presented theory and case studies discussing the interpretation of results, and there has been no discussion of the input-data quality or why a certain interpretation technique was applied. This book fills that gap. This book is a fascinating read, written by one of the world’s leading mine seismologists. It summarises the history and progression of mine seismology. It outlines the practical use of back analysis of data and how it can be used on a daily basis. The book explains how mine seismology can be used as an effective monitoring tool for key events as the mine progresses as well as for future caving operations.Anthony Allman MAusIMM, CP(Min), RPEQ Antcia Consulting Pty Ltd, Director, Mining Engineer The content of the book is really solid and robust and I have no doubt it is going to be considered a great contribution for the mining community.Raul Fuentes, Former Director of Master Program in Geomechanics Applied to Mining, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile This book is long overdue and helps to present some difficult concepts in a way that they can be clearly understood by non-experts in this area. Stefan has personally managed to take mine seismology from being a black-art into a useful tool to help make mines a safer and more controlled environment. Neil Hepworth C. Eng, MIMMM, Geomin Consultorio – Brazil, Consultant Mining and Geotechnics Seismic monitoring is an important tool in cave management. The information from monitoring allows a number of key production factors to be determined including cave advance rates, the approximate location of the cave back, insight into the size of the air gap and allows the tracking of broad changes in stress. These all assist in the day to day management of a safe and successful cave. Dr. Glazer’s book provides guidance on the application of microseismicity to cave management through a review of appropriate theory and more importantly illustrates its use through case histories, particularly from the Palabora block cave. The text will be a good addition for all practitioners in cave engineering and operations.Allan Moss, General Manager – Grasberg Underground Liaison, Copper Development, Rio Tinto

An Introduction to Mining Seismology

An Introduction to Mining Seismology
Author: Slawomir Jerzy Gibowicz
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 410
Release: 2013-10-22
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0080918360

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An Introduction to Mining Seismology describes comprehensively the modern methods and techniques used to monitor and study seismicity and rockbursts in mines. Key case histories from various worldwide mining districts clearly illustrate and skillfully emphasize the practical aspects of mining seismology. This text is intended as a handbook for geophysicists and mining and rock mechanics engineers working at mines. It will also serve as an essential reference tool for seismologists working at research institutions on local seismicity not necessarily induced by mining. Presents a comprehensive description of seismicity induced by mining worldwide Provides information on optimum network planning and seismic event location procedures in deep mines Covers a broad array of topics including focal mechanism, moment tensor, and double-couple versus non-double-couple seismic events in mines Includes data on source parameters and scaling relations for seismic events in mines

Geotechnical Instrumentation and Monitoring in Open Pit and Underground Mining

Geotechnical Instrumentation and Monitoring in Open Pit and Underground Mining
Author: T. Szwedzicki
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 994
Release: 2020-07-15
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1000150461

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As mining operations increase in scale and mines go progressively deeper, the geotechnical input into mine design is of importance. This book covers topics in geotechnical instrumentation and monitoring, including coverage of groundwater, displacement and environmental monitoring.

Subsidence

Subsidence
Author: D.J. Reddish
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 541
Release: 2012-12-02
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0444598340

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Surface subsidence is recognised as a problem in most countries, particularly those with significant mining and other underground resource extraction industries. This book addresses the problems relating to subsidence whether caused naturally, or arising from mining or other forms of underground extractive activity.The main purpose of this book is to bring together subsidence knowledge, experiences and research findings in many countries and rationalise such information especially in respect of its particular field of application. Emphasis has been given to collating field data on subsidence from different countries in order to make direct comparisons. Prediction of subsidence, particularly its occurrence and general characteristics has been seen as an important area where the book can contribute significantly in terms of reviewing available knowledge, methods, scope of application and orders of accuracy achieved. The book also examines methods of controlling subsidence and discusses the response of surface structures to and protection against subsidence.