Bridge Evaluation Using In-service and Weigh-in-motion Data

Bridge Evaluation Using In-service and Weigh-in-motion Data
Author: Michael D. Rakowski
Publisher: ProQuest
Total Pages:
Release: 2009
Genre: Bridges
ISBN: 9780549924692
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The ever increasing demands on the national infrastructure, along with the age, neglect, and misuse of many bridges throughout the country, have placed a great deal of strain on the States Departments of Transportation to maintain the country's bridges. While the current visual inspection process is able to access more obvious maintenance and repair needs, a more quantitative inspection will allow for a better understanding of bridge behavior and a more uniform inspection process. The In-Service Bridge Monitoring System (ISBMS) developed at the University of Delaware was designed with this process in mind. In this research, the ISBMS is used to gather strain data for up to two weeks on bridges throughout the state of Delaware. The in-service data is then used to project the maximum strain expected for a given return period. Rating factors based on the projected values are then calculated. Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) data is also collected for a number of the bridges in this study. The WIM data is used to find a correlation between truck weights and measured strain. After a correlation is found, rating factors based on the WIM data are then calculated. The in-service and WIM rating factors are finally compared to the rating factors used by the Delaware Department of Transportation and calculated in Bridge Rating and Analysis of Structural Systems (BRASS). The analysis in this study proves the usefulness of implementing the ISBMS into the routine biennial inspection process. The data gained from the system is invaluable in evaluating the overall safety of bridges. The conservative nature of the current rating factor equations is also revealed. By collecting in-service data, states will have a better understanding of their bridges under site-specific loading. This will allow for a better allocation of the limited time and funds available for bridge maintenance and repair. By implementing in-service monitoring into the current inspection process overall bridge safety and infrastructure reliability will be improved.

Bridge Design, Assessment and Monitoring

Bridge Design, Assessment and Monitoring
Author: Airong Chen
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 124
Release: 2018-12-07
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1351208780
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Bridges play important role in modern infrastructural system. This book provides an up-to-date overview of the field of bridge engineering, as well as the recent significant contributions to the process of making rational decisions in bridge design, assessment and monitoring and resources optimization deployment for the purpose of enhancing the welfare of society. Tang specifies the purposes and requirements of the conceptual bridge design, considering bridge types, basic elements, structural systems and load conditions. Cremona and Poulin propose an assessment procedure for existing bridges. Kallias et al. develop a framework for the performance assessment of metallic bridges under atmospheric exposure by integrating coating deterioration and corrosion modelling. Soriano et al. employ a simplified approach to estimate the maximum traffic load effect on a highway bridge and compare the results with other approaches based on on-site weigh-in-motion data. Akiyama et al. propose a method for reliability-based durability design and service life assessment of reinforced concrete deck slab of jetty structures. Chen et al. propose a meso-scale model to simulate the uniform and pitting corrosion of rebar in concrete and to obtain the crack patterns of the concrete with different rebar arrangements. Ruan et al. present a traffic load model for long span multi-pylon cable- stayed bridges. Khuc and Catbas implement a non-target vision- based method for the measurement of both static and dynamic displacements time histories. Finally, Cruz presents the career of the outstanding bridge engineer Edgar Cardoso in the fields of bridge design and experimental analysis. The book serves as a valuable reference to all concerned with bridge structure and infrastructure systems, including students, researchers, engineers, consultants and contractors from all areas sections of bridge engineering. The chapters originally published as a special issue in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering.

Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management and Life-Cycle Optimization

Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management and Life-Cycle Optimization
Author: Dan Frangopol
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 744
Release: 2010-07-07
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1000006816
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Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management and Life-Cycle Optimization contains the lectures and papers presented at IABMAS 2010, the Fifth International Conference of the International Association for Bridge Maintenance and Safety (IABMAS), held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA from July 11 through 15, 2010.All major aspects of bridge maintenance, s

Influence of Number and Quality of Weigh-in-motion Data on Evaluation of Load Effects on Bridges

Influence of Number and Quality of Weigh-in-motion Data on Evaluation of Load Effects on Bridges
Author: Aleš Žnidarič
Publisher:
Total Pages: 222
Release: 2017
Genre:
ISBN:
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The thesis is dealing with the influence of number and quality of weigh-in-motion (WIM) data to calculate load effects on bridges. Weighing in motion is the only method that provides continuous and unbiased information on traffic loads, but the data contains errors as a result of environmental influences and measurements that can not be constantly monitored. Presented are improvements of bridge WIM technology, which replaces the weighing sensors in the road surface with instrumented bridge superstructures. The system had many advantages, but also shortcomings that prevented its long-term installations. Proposed are a new installation procedure for the sensors that detect axles of the vehicles, a new way of calculating the influence lines, which is based on the responses of crossing vehicles, a method that deals with measurement errors caused by cracks in concrete, and a procedure that takes into account the impact of temperature on the behaviour of bridges. Also shown is the procedure to determine the dynamic loads that the commercial vehicles induce, and their impact on the measurement results. The following chapter elaborates quality control of bridge WIM data. The proposed procedures check and correct typical errors that occur during the measurements, assess quality and reliability of data and significantly shorten the time needed for its verification. Simulation procedures, which are predominantly used for calculating the traffic load effects on bridges, are complex and time intensive. The convolution method, a less demanding procedure appropriate for short to medium-span bridges, was thoroughly investigated. The results were compared with the ones obtained by comprehensive simulations. Convolution method has facilitated the detailed analysis of the impact of quantity and quality of WIM data on calculated moments and shear forces, for simply supported bridges with spans between 5 and 45 meters, which represent the vast majority of all bridges. The size of data samples was varied to investigate its influence on the load effects. Then, various data sources, with respect to quality of data (measured, electronically corrected, visually verified), were examined. The results give clear indications about the required number and quality of WIM data for effective modelling of traffic loads on bridges.

Bridge Safety, Maintenance, Management, Life-Cycle, Resilience and Sustainability

Bridge Safety, Maintenance, Management, Life-Cycle, Resilience and Sustainability
Author: Joan Ramon Casas
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 2646
Release: 2022-06-27
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1000798739
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Bridge Safety, Maintenance, Management, Life-Cycle, Resilience and Sustainability contains lectures and papers presented at the Eleventh International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management (IABMAS 2022, Barcelona, Spain, 11–15 July, 2022). This e-book contains the full papers of 322 contributions presented at IABMAS 2022, including the T.Y. Lin Lecture, 4 Keynote Lectures, and 317 technical papers from 36 countries all around the world. The contributions deal with the state-of-the-art as well as emerging concepts and innovative applications related to the main aspects of safety, maintenance, management, life-cycle, resilience, sustainability and technological innovations of bridges. Major topics include: advanced bridge design, construction and maintenance approaches, safety, reliability and risk evaluation, life-cycle management, life-cycle, resilience, sustainability, standardization, analytical models, bridge management systems, service life prediction, structural health monitoring, non-destructive testing and field testing, robustness and redundancy, durability enhancement, repair and rehabilitation, fatigue and corrosion, extreme loads, needs of bridge owners, whole life costing and investment for the future, financial planning and application of information and computer technology, big data analysis and artificial intelligence for bridges, among others. This volume provides both an up-to-date overview of the field of bridge engineering and significant contributions to the process of making more rational decisions on bridge safety, maintenance, management, life-cycle, resilience and sustainability of bridges for the purpose of enhancing the welfare of society. The volume serves as a valuable reference to all concerned with and/or involved in bridge structure and infrastructure systems, including students, researchers and practitioners from all areas of bridge engineering.

Development of a Bridge Weigh-in-Motion System

Development of a Bridge Weigh-in-Motion System
Author: Arturo Gonzalez
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Total Pages: 456
Release: 2010-05
Genre:
ISBN: 9783838304168
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Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) data can be used to predict future traffic volumes and weights for the planning of new infrastructure, the management of maintenance activities, the identification/reduction of overloading problems and the evaluation of the performance of pavements and bridges. Most WIM systems are based on sensors placed in or on the pavement that measure the wheel force applied over them during a very short time. The value of this force varies as a result of road roughness and vehicle dynamics leading to limited accuracy for estimating static weights. Additionally, these systems experience durability problems due to traffic and environmental conditions. An alternative approach to WIM that addresses these limitations is the use of an instrumented bridge to weigh vehicles (B-WIM). This approach is the subject of research in this book. Inaccuracies derived from discrepancies between theoretical B-WIM algorithms and bridge measurements are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The text also describes the development of a B-WIM system in Ireland, including all aspects of installation, calibration, data collection and its processing into useful traffic information.

Multi-Scale Reliability and Serviceability Assessment of In-Service Long-Span Bridges

Multi-Scale Reliability and Serviceability Assessment of In-Service Long-Span Bridges
Author: Naiwei Lu
Publisher: Momentum Press
Total Pages: 231
Release: 2018-05-08
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1947083392
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With the development in global economic and transportation engineering, the traffic loads on brides have been growing steadily, which become potential safety hazards for existing bridges. In particular, long-span suspension bridges support heavy traffic volumes and simultaneous truck loads on the bridge deck, and thus the safety and serviceability of the bridge deserves investigation. In this book, a multiscale reliability method is presented for the safety assessment of long-span bridges. The multiscale failure condition of stiffness girders is the first-passage criteria for the large-scale model and the fatigue damage criteria for the small-scale model. It is the objective of this book to provide a more in-depth understanding of the vehicle-bridge interaction from the random vibration perspective. This book is suitable for adoption as a text book or a reference book in an advanced structural reliability analysis course. Furthermore, this book also provides a theoretical foundation for better understanding of the safety assessment, operation management, maintenance and reinforcement for long-span bridges and motivates further research and development for more advanced reliability and serviceability assessment techniques for long-span bridges.

A Bridge Design and Evaluation Method Derived from Weigh-in-motion Data

A Bridge Design and Evaluation Method Derived from Weigh-in-motion Data
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages: 9
Release: 1992
Genre:
ISBN:
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Weigh-in-motion data collected in Australia and Canada have been analysed to obtain the distributions of midspan moment in simply supported beams with spans between 10 and 40 m. these moments are used to demonstrate the concept of a bridge site index. This concept enables moments for a particular recurrence interval to be predicted with reasonable accuracy from a single number, the bridge site index. A relationship is developed between this bridge site index and the Ontario legal limits which are based on the Ontario equivalent base length concept. Applications such as data summary, site ranking, bridge evaluation, fatigue, and bridge management are discussed.