Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Program: Selected Methods for Monitoring Chemical Contaminants and Their Effects in Aquatic Ecosystems

Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Program: Selected Methods for Monitoring Chemical Contaminants and Their Effects in Aquatic Ecosystems
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Release: 2000
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This document describes the suite of biological methods of the U.S. Geological Survey Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends program for monitoring chemical contaminants and their effects on fish. The methods, which were selected by panels of experts, are being field-tested in rivers of the Mississippi River, Columbia River, and Rio Grande basins. General health biomarkers include a health assessment index based on gross observation; histopathological examination of selected organs and tissues; condition factor; and the heptosomatic and splenosomatic indices. Immune system indicators are plasma lysozyme activity and measures of splenic macrophage aggregates. Reproductive biomarkers include plasma concentrations of sex steroids hormones (17beta-estradiaol and 11-ketotestosterone) and vitellogenin, gonadal histopathology (including reproductive stage and, in females, gonadal atresia), and the gonadosomatic index. Indicators of exposure to polycyclic aromatic and polyhalogenated hydrocarbons are the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay (performed on solvent extracts of composite fish samples) and hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity. Stable nitrogen isotope ratios are used to assess the trophic position of the fish and their exposure to sewage and other animal wastes. For each indicator we describe endpoints(s) and methods, and discuss the indicator's value and limitations for contaminant monitoring and assessment.

Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Program: Environmental Contaminants and Their Effects on Fish in the Mississippi River Basin

Biomonitoring of Environmental Status and Trends (BEST) Program: Environmental Contaminants and Their Effects on Fish in the Mississippi River Basin
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Release: 2002
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We collected examined and analyzed 1378 fish of 99 species from 47 sites in the Mississippi River basin (MRB) during 1995 and from a reference site in 1996. The sampling sites in the MRB represented National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (NCBP) stations situated at key points on major rivers and National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) stations located on lower-order rivers and streams in the Eastern Iowa Basins (FIB) and Mississippi Embayment (MSE) Study Units. The reference site was the water supply system of the USGS-Leetown Science Center in rural Jefferson County WV Common carp (Cyprinus carpio; carp) and black basses (Micropterus spp., bass) the targeted species together represented 82% of the fish collected. Each fish was examined in the field for externally and internally visible gross lesions selected organs were weighed to compute various ponderal and organo-somatic indices and selected tissues and fluids were obtained and preserved for analysis of biomarkers. Fish health indicators included splenic macrophage aggregates lysozyme activity and hispathological anlysis of liver kidney and of liver tissues. Reproductive biomarkers included analysis of plasma concentrations of vitellogenin (vtg) and the sex steroid hormones 17beta-estradiol (E2) and 11-ketotestosterone (11- kt), and the histological determination of percent oocyte atresia (in female fish) and gonadal stage. Hepatic ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity was also measured. Composite samples of whole fish from each station were grouped by species and gender and analyzed for persistent organochlorine and elemental contaminants and for dioxin-like activity (TCDD-EQ) using the H411E rat hepatoma cell bioassay.

Ecological Monitoring, Assessment, and Management in Freshwater Systems

Ecological Monitoring, Assessment, and Management in Freshwater Systems
Author: Young-Seuk Park
Publisher: MDPI
Total Pages: 439
Release: 2018-09-27
Genre: Electronic book
ISBN: 3038422665
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This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Ecological Monitoring, Assessment, and Management in Freshwater Systems" that was published in Water

Management of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC) in Environment

Management of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC) in Environment
Author: Pardeep Singh
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 468
Release: 2021-03-12
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0128222646
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Management of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC) in Environment provides information about new concepts and latest developments in origin, reaction pathways, transportation, transformation products, identification, and adverse effects of CEC, as well as recent remediation technologies and tools for CEC. The book explores processes such as nanotechnology for the degradation of CEC by using various heterogeneous catalysts. The chapters incorporate both theoretical and practical aspects and can serve as a baseline for future studies. So, Management of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC) in Environment is an indispensable resource for university students, teachers, and researchers, especially those working in the area of remediation and management of contaminants of emerging concern. Takes a holistic approach, focusing on the origin of contaminants, type of contaminants, remediation technologies, regulations and legal aspects Applies chemical, physical and biological processes for the treatment of emerging contaminants Written by a team of internationally reputed and rising researchers

Aquatic Ecotoxicology

Aquatic Ecotoxicology
Author: Claude Amiard-Triquet
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 519
Release: 2015-06-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0128011769
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Aquatic Ecotoxicology: Advancing Tools for Dealing with Emerging Risks presents a thorough look at recent advances in aquatic ecotoxicology and their application in assessing the risk of well-known and emerging environmental contaminants. This essential reference, brought together by leading experts in the field, guides users through existing and novel approaches to environmental risk assessment, then presenting recent advances in the field of ecotoxicology, including omics-based technologies, biomarkers, and reference species. The book then demonstrates how these advances can be used to design and perform assays to discover the toxicological endpoints of emerging risks within the aquatic environment, such as nanomaterials, personal care products, PFOS and chemical mixtures. The text is an invaluable reference for any scientist who studies the effects of contaminants on organisms that live within aquatic environments. Provides the latest perspectives on emerging toxic risks to aquatic environments, such as nanomaterials, pharmaceuticals, chemical mixtures, and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) Offers practical guidance on recent advances to help in choosing the most appropriate toxicological assay Presents case studies and information on a variety of reference species to help put the ecotoxicological theory into practical risk assess

Rapid Chemical and Biological Techniques for Water Monitoring

Rapid Chemical and Biological Techniques for Water Monitoring
Author: Catherine Gonzalez
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 440
Release: 2009-03-30
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780470745434
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Rapid Chemical and Biological Techniques for Water Monitoring presents in one volume the broad spectrum of monitoring tools, both available and under development, and provides an assessment of their potential for underpinning environmental management and legislation. The book explores screening methods in the context of water policies; chemical methods; biological methods; potential use of screening methods; quality assurance and validation methods; integration of screening methods in water monitoring strategies. The text provides a timely source of information for post-graduates, researchers, and professionals involved in water management at all levels.

Environmental Monitoring

Environmental Monitoring
Author: G. Bruce Wiersma
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 806
Release: 2004-04-27
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 9780203495476
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The current rate and scale of environmental change around the world makes the detection and understanding of these changes increasingly urgent. Subsequently, government legislation is focusing on measurable results of environmental programs, requiring researchers to employ effective and efficient methods for acquiring high-quality data. Focusing on pollution issues and impacts resulting from human activities, Environmental Monitoring is the first to bring together the conceptual basis behind the complex and specific approaches to the monitoring of air, water, and land. Coverage includes integrated monitoring at the landscape level, as well as case studies of existing monitoring programs such as the Chesapeake Bay Program. The book also addresses the recent legislative focus on high-quality data results and conducting monitoring programs in different ecosystems and environmental media.

The Handbook of Histopathological Practices in Aquatic Environments

The Handbook of Histopathological Practices in Aquatic Environments
Author: Pedro M. Costa
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 293
Release: 2017-09-27
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0128120312
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The Handbook of Histopathological Practices in Aquatic Environments: Guide to Histology for Environmental Toxicology offers readers in aquatic biology and other water-based environmental sciences a comprehensive resource on histopathology, which is a key tool in the growing field of ecotoxicology. This work brings together the necessary knowledge, from sample preparation, to trait identification, and scoring and data treatment. Furthermore, with examples from several groups of organisms (from worms to fish), these practices can be applied across a wide array of aquatic ecosystems. This book provides a step-by-step approach to solving the questions researchers encounter in aquatic biology and related fields. Offers examples from a broad range of aquatic organisms, replacing sparse, dispersed and often aged literature Covers a variety of organisms, including hard to find, non-commercial and non-model species Provides an in-depth understanding of how and why techniques are used, as opposed to just a list of procedures Combines, in a single work, everything from sample handling to scoring

Ecological Biomarkers

Ecological Biomarkers
Author: Claude Amiard-Triquet
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 467
Release: 2012-11-26
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1439880174
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Does a change, which affects a few biological macro-molecules, some cells, or a few individuals within a population, have any ecological significance that would allow the prediction of deleterious effects at higher levels of biological organization, namely the population, community, and ultimately the ecosystem? With contributions from experts in the field, Ecological Biomarkers: Indicators of Ecotoxicological Effects explores how biomarkers can be used to predict effects farther down the chain. It presents a synthesis of the state of the art in the methodology of biomarkers and its contribution to ecological risk assessment. This book describes the core biomarkers currently used in environmental research concerned with biological monitoring, biomarkers which correspond to the defences developed by living organisms in response to contaminants in their environment, and biomarkers that reveal biological damage resulting from contaminant stressors. It examines the efficacy of lysosomal biomarkers, immunotoxicity effects, behavioral disturbances, energy metabolism impairments, endocrine disruption measures, and genotoxicity as all indicative of probable toxic effects at higher biological levels. It is time to revisit the biological responses most ecologically relevant in the diagnosis of the health status of an aquatic environment well before it becomes unmanageable. Biomarkers provide a real possibility of delivering an easily measured marker at a simple level of biological organization that is predictably linked to a potentially ecologically significant effect at higher levels of biological organization. The text explores the latest knowledge and thinking on how to use biomarkers as tools for the assessment of environmental health and management.