The paper opens by mapping the changes in the global auto industry in the 1990s, showing how the rapid growth in sales and production between 1990 and 1997 came largely from the emerging markets rather than the Triad regions (North America, the European Union and Japan). However, for some of these markets the downturn that followed was substantial and prolonged. The emergence of regional production systems resulted in regional integration. This created opportunities for industrial upgrading in developing countries with links to one of the Triad regions, where a major part of production still takes place. The paper then describes how the relationship between assemblers and suppliers has changed. There is a growing preference for using the same suppliers in different locations (follow sourcing), which limits the possibilities for component supplying by local producers in developing countries. However, opportunities in second-tier sourcing, where a global reach is not required, do exist. The paper shows that developing countries can increase the possibility of integration into the global value chains of transnational automotive companies by opening up their domestic markets. It concludes with emphasizing the importance of fostering networks of small firms in developing countries as a means of entering new markets.