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| Author | : Dario Frey |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 2021* |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Michael J. Cox |
| Publisher | : European Respiratory Society |
| Total Pages | : 261 |
| Release | : 2019-03-01 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1849841020 |
Studying the lung microbiome requires a specialist approach to sampling, laboratory techniques and statistical analysis. This Monograph introduces the techniques used and discusses how respiratory sampling, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomics and the application of ecological theory can be used to examine the respiratory microbiome. It examines the different components of the respiratory microbiome: viruses and fungi in addition to the more frequently studied bacteria. It also considers a range of contexts from the paediatric microbiome and how this develops to disease of all ages including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic suppurative lung diseases, interstitial lung diseases, acquired pneumonias, transplantation, cancer and HIV, and the interaction of the respiratory microbiome and the environment.
| Author | : Peter Howarth |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 328 |
| Release | : 2001 |
| Genre | : MEDICAL |
| ISBN | : 9780429132582 |
This landmark volume discusses the characteristics and impact of the remodeling process on airway function and clinical disease expression within the airway in asthma, covering pharmacological therapies and possible future targets relevant to regulating the remodeling process. Emphasizes the importance of treating underlying airway inflammation and the relevance of structural alterations to the airway wall, including glandular increases, enhanced collagen deposition within the submucosa, increased vasculature, smooth hypertrophy, and hyperplasias! Tracing the development and maintenance of bronchial hyperresponsiveness, decline in lung function, and loss of reversibility evident in chronic asthma, Airway Remodelingdescribes the contribution of inflammatory cells in the development of airway structural changes examines how pharmaceutical agents act and whether existing treatments modify or prevent remodeling in chronically inflamed asthmatic airways considers whether neural pathways initiate as well as contribute to the airway inflammatory cascade that leads to remodeling reviews the action of cytokines and growth factors on ASM signaling outlines novel approaches to regulating smooth muscle growth clarifies whether permanent ventilatory incapacity in asthma is caused by the uncoupling of the airway and the role of the lung parenchyma details high-resolution computerized tomography scan to measure the internal size of the airway at baseline, during challenge, or after bronchodilatation and more!Improving lung function and quality of life by reducing the need for emergency care, hospital admissions, and systemic steroid administration, Airway Remodeling is a superb reference for pulmonologists and respiratory system specialists; physiologists; pneumologists; allergists; pharmacologists; molecular, cellular, and lung biologists; and graduate and medical school students in these disciplines.
| Author | : D. Dhanasekaran |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 863 |
| Release | : 2021-04-01 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1000353141 |
Microbiota are a promising and fascinating subject in biology because they integrate the microbial communities in humans, animals, plants, and the environment. In humans, microbiota are associated with the gut, skin, and genital, oral, and respiratory organs. The plant microbial community is referred to as "holobiont," and it is influential in the maintenance and health of plants, which themselves play a role in animal health and the environment. The contents of Microbiome-Host Interactions cover all areas as well as new research trends in the fields of plant, animal, human, and environmental microbiome interactions. The book covers microbiota in polar soil environments, in health and disease, in Caenorhabditis elegans, and in agroecosystems, as well as in rice root and actinorhizal root nodules, speleothems, and marine shallow-water hydrothermal vents. Moreover, this book provides comprehensive accounts of advanced next-generation DNA sequencing, metagenomic techniques, high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing, and understanding nucleic acid sequence data from fungal, algal, viral, bacterial, cyanobacterial, actinobacterial, and archaeal communities using QIIME software (Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology). FEATURES Summarizes recent insight in microbiota and host interactions in distinct habitats, including Antarctic, hydrothermal vents, speleothems, oral, skin, gut, feces, reproductive tract, soil, root, root nodules, forests, and mangroves Illustrates the high-throughput amplicon sequencing, computational techniques involved in the microbiota analysis, downstream analysis and visualization, and multivariate analysis commonly used for microbiome analysis Describes probiotics and prebiotics in the composition of the gut microbiota, skin microbiome impact in dermatologic disease prevention, and microbial communities in the reproductive tract of humans and animals Presents information in a reachable way for students, teachers, researchers, microbiologists, computational biologists, and other professionals who are interested in strengthening or enlarging their knowledge about microbiome analysis with next-generation DNA sequencing in the different branches of the sciences
| Author | : I. Horvath |
| Publisher | : European Respiratory Society |
| Total Pages | : 261 |
| Release | : 2010-09-01 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1849840059 |
Exhaled air contains numerous substances, often in extremely low concentrations. The development of sensitive detection techniques has made it possible to examine the composition of exhaled air in relation to a variety of airway diseases and other disorders. In this book, an overview of current cutting-edge breath analysis techniques and their clinical applications is provided for the clinician. The various contributions give a fascinating perspective of a future where new, highly sensitive methodologies will enable clinicians to diagnose and monitor a wide variety of diseases merely by taking.
| Author | : Gaurav Gupta |
| Publisher | : Springer Nature |
| Total Pages | : 380 |
| Release | : 2022-03-25 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9811689571 |
This book reviews the role of the lung microbiome in the development and progression of lung diseases. It deals with the role of microbiota dysbiosis in influencing host defense and immunity leading to resistance, colonization, and disease exacerbation. The book delineates the complex interaction between pathogen and lung residual microbiota during disease conditions. It further highlights the potential role of lung microbiota as the key modulator of lung carcinogenesis and immune response against cancer cells. Lastly, it reviews technological developments for unraveling the lung microbiome that profoundly impacts clinical diagnostics. This book is an essential resource for the scientists working in pulmonary diseases, pharmaceutical & clinical sciences, and pulmonary clinicians.
| Author | : Kian Fan Chung |
| Publisher | : European Respiratory Society |
| Total Pages | : 360 |
| Release | : 2019-06-01 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1849841047 |
Severe asthma is a form of asthma that responds poorly to currently available medication, and its patients represent those with greatest unmet needs. In the last 10 years, substantial progress has been made in terms of understanding some of the mechanisms that drive severe asthma; there have also been concomitant advances in the recognition of specific molecular phenotypes. This ERS Monograph covers all aspects of severe asthma – epidemiology, diagnosis, mechanisms, treatment and management – but has a particular focus on recent understanding of mechanistic heterogeneity based on an analytic approach using various ‘omics platforms applied to clinically well-defined asthma cohorts. How these advances have led to improved management targets is also emphasised. This book brings together the clinical and scientific expertise of those from around the world who are collaborating to solve the problem of severe asthma.
| Author | : Marcus A. Mall |
| Publisher | : European Respiratory Society |
| Total Pages | : 342 |
| Release | : 2014-06-01 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 1849840512 |
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common fatal hereditary diseases. The discovery of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene 25 years ago set the stage for unraveling the pathogenesis of CF lung disease, continuous refinement of symptomatic treatments and the development of mutation-specific therapies, which are now becoming available for a subgroup of patients. This ERS Monograph provides an update on all aspects of CF lung disease, from infancy to adulthood, including current concepts on disease process, improvements in early diagnosis and monitoring, therapeutic approaches, and patient care. The book highlights important recent developments and discusses the next steps that will be required for further improvement of the life expectancy and quality of life of CF patients. It will be an essential reference for basic and clinical scientists and all members of the CF team.
| Author | : Mark Bazett |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 2015 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
"Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe, systemic disease that impacts multiple organs, including the lungs, bones and intestine. In the lungs, in addition to reoccurring cycles of infection and inflammation, a subset of CF patients present with airway hyperresponsiveness, the increased response of the airways to stimulus. In the intestine, CF patients present with obstructions, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and an altered intestinal microbiome. In this thesis, we used CF mouse models, which recreate many of the CF clinical phenotypes, to investigate components of the CF disease, including the airway mechanics, intestinal disease and the intestinal microbiome. As dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome has been recognized as an important contributing factor to many systemic diseases, we then investigated whether the murine CF intestinal microbiome influenced the CF lung, bone and intestinal disease. In the lungs, we investigated CF airway mechanics and showed that CF mice have a strain dependent airway hyperresponsiveness phenotype. In the intestine, we used 16S rRNA sequencing to show that CF mice have an altered intestinal microbiome, but each CF mouse model had a different dysbiosis. We also identified a correlation between bacterial load and intestinal circular muscle thickness. To determine the impact of the CF intestinal dysbiosis on systemic phenotypes, we treated CF mice with the antibiotic streptomycin. Streptomycin treatment reduced the CF bacterial overgrowth and altered the CF intestinal microbiome. These changes ameliorated the CF airway hyperresponsiveness, but did not influence the bone or intestinal disease. Further, we identified intestinal Lactobacillus overgrowth, plus components of the immune system, including Th17 lymphocytes and IL-17 producing [gamma][delta] T cells, as potentially contributing to this interaction. Overall, this thesis provides insight into the airway mechanics, intestinal disease, immune system, bone disease and the intestinal microbiome in cystic fibrosis. We also investigated the interactions between these disease components, showing a connection between the CF intestinal microbiome and the airway mechanics." --
| Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
| Publisher | : National Academies Press |
| Total Pages | : 775 |
| Release | : 2018-05-18 |
| Genre | : Medical |
| ISBN | : 030946837X |
Millions of Americans use e-cigarettes. Despite their popularity, little is known about their health effects. Some suggest that e-cigarettes likely confer lower risk compared to combustible tobacco cigarettes, because they do not expose users to toxicants produced through combustion. Proponents of e-cigarette use also tout the potential benefits of e-cigarettes as devices that could help combustible tobacco cigarette smokers to quit and thereby reduce tobacco-related health risks. Others are concerned about the exposure to potentially toxic substances contained in e-cigarette emissions, especially in individuals who have never used tobacco products such as youth and young adults. Given their relatively recent introduction, there has been little time for a scientific body of evidence to develop on the health effects of e-cigarettes. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes reviews and critically assesses the state of the emerging evidence about e-cigarettes and health. This report makes recommendations for the improvement of this research and highlights gaps that are a priority for future research.
