Assessment Of Planetary Protection Requirements For Mars Sample Return Missions
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Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 90 |
Release | : 2009-06-06 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0309130735 |
Download Assessment of Planetary Protection Requirements for Mars Sample Return Missions Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
NASA maintains a planetary protection policy to avoid the forward biological contamination of other worlds by terrestrial organisms, and back biological contamination of Earth from the return of extraterrestrial materials by spaceflight missions. Forward-contamination issues related to Mars missions were addressed in a 2006 National Research Council (NRC) book, Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars. However, it has been more than 10 years since back-contamination issues were last examined. Driven by a renewed interest in Mars sample return missions, this book reviews, updates, and replaces the planetary protection conclusions and recommendations contained in the NRC's 1997 report Mars Sample Return: Issues and Recommendations. The specific issues addressed in this book include the following: The potential for living entities to be included in samples returned from Mars; Scientific investigations that should be conducted to reduce uncertainty in the above assessment; The potential for large-scale effects on Earth's environment by any returned entity released to the environment; Criteria for intentional sample release, taking note of current and anticipated regulatory frameworks; and The status of technological measures that could be taken on a mission to prevent the inadvertent release of a returned sample into Earth's biosphere.
Author | : European Science Foundation |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 75 |
Release | : 2019-07-20 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0309488591 |
Download Planetary Protection Classification of Sample Return Missions from the Martian Moons Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
An international consensus policy to prevent the biological cross-contamination of planetary bodies exists and is maintained by the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) of the International Council for Science, which is consultative to the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. Currently, COSPAR's planetary protection policy does not specify the status of sample-return missions from Phobos or Deimos, the moons of Mars. Although the moons themselves are not considered potential habitats for life or of intrinsic relevance to prebiotic chemical evolution, recent studies indicate that a significant amount of material recently ejected from Mars could be present on the surface of Phobos and, to a lesser extent, Deimos. This report reviews recent theoretical, experimental, and modeling research on the environments and physical conditions encountered by Mars ejecta during certain processes. It recommends whether missions returning samples from Phobos and/or Deimos should be classified as "restricted" or "unrestricted" Earth return in the framework of the planetary protection policy maintained by COSPAR. This report also considers the specific ways the classification of sample return from Deimos is a different case than sample return from Phobos.
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 58 |
Release | : 1997-03-28 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0309057337 |
Download Mars Sample Return Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
The Space Studies Board of the National Research Council (NRC) serves as the primary adviser to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on planetary protection policy, the purpose of which is to preserve conditions for future biological and organic exploration of planets and other solar system objects and to protect Earth and its biosphere from potential extraterrestrial sources of contamination. In October 1995 the NRC received a letter from NASA requesting that the Space Studies Board examine and provide advice on planetary protection issues related to possible sample-return missions to near-Earth solar system bodies.
Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 139 |
Release | : 2018-09-17 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0309478685 |
Download Review and Assessment of Planetary Protection Policy Development Processes Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Protecting Earth's environment and other solar system bodies from harmful contamination has been an important principle throughout the history of space exploration. For decades, the scientific, political, and economic conditions of space exploration converged in ways that contributed to effective development and implementation of planetary protection policies at national and international levels. However, the future of space exploration faces serious challenges to the development and implementation of planetary protection policy. The most disruptive changes are associated with (1) sample return from, and human missions to, Mars; and (2) missions to those bodies in the outer solar system possessing water oceans beneath their icy surfaces. Review and Assessment of Planetary Protection Policy Development Processes addresses the implications of changes in the complexion of solar system exploration as they apply to the process of developing planetary protection policy. Specifically, this report examines the history of planetary protection policy, assesses the current policy development process, and recommends actions to improve the policy development process in the future.
Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 89 |
Release | : 2020-11-19 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 0309676495 |
Download Assessment of the Report of NASA's Planetary Protection Independent Review Board Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
The goal of planetary protection is to control, to the degree possible, the biological cross-contamination of planetary bodies. Guidelines developed by the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) are used by all spacefaring nations to guide their preparations for encounters with solar system bodies. NASA's Science Mission Directorate has convened the Planetary Protection Independent Review Board (PPIRB) to consider updating the COSPAR guidelines given the growing interest from commercial and private groups in exploration and utilization of Mars and other bodies in space. At the request of NASA, this publication reviews the findings of the PPIRB and comments on their consistency with the recommendations of the recent National Academies report Review and Assessment of the Planetary Protection Policy Development Processes.
Author | : Michael H. Carr |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 94 |
Release | : 1999 |
Genre | : Mars (Planet) |
ISBN | : |
Download Mars Sample Handling and Requirements Panel (MSHARP) Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
In anticipation of the return of samples from Mars toward the end of the first decade of the next century, NASA's Office of Space Sciences chartered a panel to examine how Mars samples should be handled. The panel was to make recommendations in three areas: sample collection and transport back to Earth; certification of the samples as nonhazardous; and sample receiving, curation, and distribution. This summarizes the findings of that panel.
Author | : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Planetary Protection Requirements for Sample Return Missions from Martian Moons |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 57 |
Release | : 2019 |
Genre | : Lunar dust |
ISBN | : 9780309488600 |
Download Planetary Protection Classification of Sample-Return Missions from the Martian Moons Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
"An international consensus policy to prevent the biological cross-contamination of planetary bodies exists and is maintained by the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) of the International Council for Science, which is consultative to the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. Currently, COSPAR's planetary protection policy does not specify the status of sample-return missions from Phobos or Deimos, the moons of Mars. Although the moons themselves are not considered potential habitats for life or of intrinsic relevance to prebiotic chemical evolution, recent studies indicate that a significant amount of material recently ejected from Mars could be present on the surface of Phobos and, to a lesser extent, Deimos. This report reviews recent theoretical, experimental, and modeling research on the environments and physical conditions encountered by Mars ejecta during certain processes. It recommends whether missions returning samples from Phobos and/or Deimos should be classified as "restricted" or "unrestricted" Earth return in the framework of the planetary protection policy maintained by COSPAR. This report also considers the specific ways the classification of sample return from Deimos is a different case than sample return from Phobos"--Publisher's description
Author | : R. Howell |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 40 |
Release | : 1993 |
Genre | : Planetary quarantine |
ISBN | : |
Download Planetary Protection Implementation on Future Mars Lander Missions Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Discusses planetary protection issues for the Russian Mars '94 mission, as well as for future Mars lander missions including the planned Mars '96 and U.S. MESUR Pathfinder and Network missions. The topics summarized include exobiology science objectives for Mars exploration, current international policy on planetary protection, planetary protection requirements developed for earlier missions, mission plans and designs for future U.S. and Russian Mars landers, biological contamination of spacecraft components, and techniques for spacecraft bioload reduction. In addition, the recent recommendations of the U.S. Space Studies Board (SSB) were also summarized. One additional topic briefly considered was the identification of some issues related to planetary protection considerations for Mars sample return missions.
Author | : Eileen K. Stansbery |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 46 |
Release | : 1997 |
Genre | : Planetary quarantine |
ISBN | : |
Download Planetary Protection Issues for a Mars Sample Return Mission Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Author | : National Research Council |
Publisher | : National Academies Press |
Total Pages | : 166 |
Release | : 2006-04-22 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 030909724X |
Download Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Recent spacecraft and robotic probes to Mars have yielded data that are changing our understanding significantly about the possibility of existing or past life on that planet. Coupled with advances in biology and life-detection techniques, these developments place increasing importance on the need to protect Mars from contamination by Earth-borne organisms. To help with this effort, NASA requested that the NRC examine existing planetary protection measures for Mars and recommend changes and further research to improve such measures. This report discusses policies, requirements, and techniques to protect Mars from organisms originating on Earth that could interfere with scientific investigations. It provides recommendations on cleanliness and biological burden levels of Mars-bound spacecraft, methods to reach those levels, and research to reduce uncertainties in preventing forward contamination of Mars.