Assessing Environmental Risk of Oil Spills with ERA Acute

Assessing Environmental Risk of Oil Spills with ERA Acute
Author: Cathrine Stephansen
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 119
Release: 2021-05-05
Genre: Science
ISBN: 303070176X
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This open access book introduces readers to a new methodology for assessing the risks to the marine environment following accidental oil spills. The methodology will soon be implemented on the Norwegian Continental Shelf and will be complemented by guidelines for its use in a regulatory framework. The brief book is intended to provide international readers with a basic grasp of what the ERA Acute methodology consists of, what its applications are, and the underlying impact and restoration models used in its development. The content is divided into three main parts: an introduction and overview of risk management applications for generalists at the management level, a model overview for generalist scientists, and a more detailed final section for risk assessment professionals, which presents the results of the validation and sensitivity testing.

Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment

Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 343
Release: 2014-08-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 030929889X
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U.S. Arctic waters north of the Bering Strait and west of the Canadian border encompass a vast area that is usually ice covered for much of the year, but is increasingly experiencing longer periods and larger areas of open water due to climate change. Sparsely inhabited with a wide variety of ecosystems found nowhere else, this region is vulnerable to damage from human activities. As oil and gas, shipping, and tourism activities increase, the possibilities of an oil spill also increase. How can we best prepare to respond to such an event in this challenging environment? Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment reviews the current state of the science regarding oil spill response and environmental assessment in the Arctic region north of the Bering Strait, with emphasis on the potential impacts in U.S. waters. This report describes the unique ecosystems and environment of the Arctic and makes recommendations to provide an effective response effort in these challenging conditions. According to Responding to Oil Spills in the U.S. Arctic Marine Environment, a full range of proven oil spill response technologies is needed in order to minimize the impacts on people and sensitive ecosystems. This report identifies key oil spill research priorities, critical data and monitoring needs, mitigation strategies, and important operational and logistical issues. The Arctic acts as an integrating, regulating, and mediating component of the physical, atmospheric and cryospheric systems that govern life on Earth. Not only does the Arctic serve as regulator of many of the Earth's large-scale systems and processes, but it is also an area where choices made have substantial impact on life and choices everywhere on planet Earth. This report's recommendations will assist environmentalists, industry, state and local policymakers, and anyone interested in the future of this special region to preserve and protect it from damaging oil spills.

Manual on Oil Spill Risk Evaluation and Assessment of Response Preparedness

Manual on Oil Spill Risk Evaluation and Assessment of Response Preparedness
Author: International Maritime Organization
Publisher: IMO Publishing
Total Pages: 60
Release: 2010
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9789280115123
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Manual on Oil Spill Risk Evaluation and Assessment of Response Preparedness, 2009 Edition. This Manual provides: information on oil spill risk evaluation and assessment for the development of preparedness and response; guidance for industry and governments, particularly those of developing countries, in assessing risk and the adequacy of contingency plans; and suggestions on how to resolve the potentially complex and varied issues of the assessment process

Oil in the Sea III

Oil in the Sea III
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 278
Release: 2003-03-14
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309084385
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Since the early 1970s, experts have recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills, vessel operations, and land-based sources. Public attention to oil spills has forced improvements. Still, a considerable amount of oil is discharged yearly into sensitive coastal environments. Oil in the Sea provides the best available estimate of oil pollutant discharge into marine waters, including an evaluation of the methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns these loads represent. Featuring close-up looks at the Exxon Valdez spill and other notable events, the book identifies important research questions and makes recommendations for better analysis ofâ€"and more effective measures againstâ€"pollutant discharge. The book discusses: Inputâ€"where the discharges come from, including the role of two-stroke engines used on recreational craft. Behavior or fateâ€"how oil is affected by processes such as evaporation as it moves through the marine environment. Effectsâ€"what we know about the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms and ecosystems. Providing a needed update on a problem of international importance, this book will be of interest to energy policy makers, industry officials and managers, engineers and researchers, and advocates for the marine environment.

ESI, Risk Assessment for Oil Spill

ESI, Risk Assessment for Oil Spill
Author: Arockiaraj S
Publisher: Mohammed Abdul Malik
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2024-02-20
Genre: Medical
ISBN:
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Environmental Sensitivity Indexing (ESI) and risk assessment are two critical components in the preparation and management of oil spills along coastal regions. In the event of an oil spill, quick and efficient response is necessary to mitigate the adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Accurate assessment of the potential risks and damages caused by oil spills is essential for effective management of the spill. ESI is a tool used to assess the sensitivity of an area to oil spills, taking into account the local environmental conditions, biological resources, and socio-economic factors. The ESI can be used to identify high-risk areas, such as sensitive habitats, critical infrastructure, and popular recreational areas. This information can be used to develop contingency plans, prioritize response efforts, and allocate resources in the event of a spill. Risk assessment is the process of evaluating the potential hazards and impacts of an oil spill on the environment and human health. This process takes into account the characteristics of the oil, the environmental conditions, and the socio-economic factors in the affected area. Risk assessments help to identify potential sources of pollution, evaluate the effectiveness of response strategies, and develop long-term monitoring plans to assess the impacts of the spill. Integrated modeling, remote sensing, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are valuable tools for conducting ESI and risk assessments for oil spills. Integrated modeling combines data from multiple sources to simulate the behavior of oil spills under various environmental conditions. Remote sensing technology can be used to detect and monitor oil spills, and GIS can be used to map the potential impacts of spills on coastal environments. In Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, ESI and risk assessment are crucial for managing the risk of oil spills along the coast. The region is home to several critical habitats, including mangroves, estuaries, and coral reefs, which are highly sensitive to oil pollution. The use of integrated modeling, remote sensing, and GIS can help to identify high-risk areas and develop effective response plans in the event of a spill. In conclusion, ESI and risk assessment are essential tools for managing the risk of oil spills along coastal regions. By identifying high-risk areas and evaluating potential impacts, ESI and risk assessment can help to mitigate the environmental and economic damages caused by oil spills. The use of integrated modeling, remote sensing, and GIS can improve the accuracy and effectiveness of ESI and risk assessment, enabling quick and efficient response in the event of a spill.

Assessing the Effects of the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill on Human Health

Assessing the Effects of the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill on Human Health
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 200
Release: 2010-10-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309157811
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From the origin of the leak, to the amount of oil released into the environment, to the spill's duration, the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill poses unique challenges to human health. The risks associated with extensive, prolonged use of dispersants, with oil fumes, and with particulate matter from controlled burns are also uncertain. There have been concerns about the extent to which hazards, such as physical and chemical exposures and social and economic disruptions, will impact the overall health of people who live and work near the area of the oil spill. Although studies of previous oil spills provide some basis for identifying and mitigating the human health effects of these exposures, the existing data are insufficient to fully understand and predict the overall impact of hazards from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on the health of workers, volunteers, residents, visitors, and special populations. Assessing the Effects of the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill on Human Health identifies populations at increased risks for adverse health effects and explores effective communication strategies to convey health information to these at-risk populations. The book also discusses the need for appropriate surveillance systems to monitor the spill's potential short- and long-term health effects on affected communities and individuals. Assessing the Effects of the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill on Human Health is a useful resource that can help policy makers, public health officials, academics, community advocates, scientists, and members of the public collaborate to create a monitoring and surveillance system that results in "actionable" information and that identifies emerging health risks in specific populations.

The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response

The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 341
Release: 2020-04-24
Genre: Nature
ISBN: 0309478219
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Whether the result of an oil well blowout, vessel collision or grounding, leaking pipeline, or other incident at sea, each marine oil spill will present unique circumstances and challenges. The oil type and properties, location, time of year, duration of spill, water depth, environmental conditions, affected biomes, potential human community impact, and available resources may vary significantly. Also, each spill may be governed by policy guidelines, such as those set forth in the National Response Plan, Regional Response Plans, or Area Contingency Plans. To respond effectively to the specific conditions presented during an oil spill, spill responders have used a variety of response optionsâ€"including mechanical recovery of oil using skimmers and booms, in situ burning of oil, monitored natural attenuation of oil, and dispersion of oil by chemical dispersants. Because each response method has advantages and disadvantages, it is important to understand specific scenarios where a net benefit may be achieved by using a particular tool or combination of tools. This report builds on two previous National Research Council reports on dispersant use to provide a current understanding of the state of science and to inform future marine oil spill response operations. The response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill included an unprecedented use of dispersants via both surface application and subsea injection. The magnitude of the spill stimulated interest and funding for research on oil spill response, and dispersant use in particular. This study assesses the effects and efficacy of dispersants as an oil spill response tool and evaluates trade-offs associated with dispersant use.

Oil Spill Response: A Global Perspective

Oil Spill Response: A Global Perspective
Author: Walter F. Davidson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 356
Release: 2008-06-20
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1402085656
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International experts in the field of oil spill response, including reprsentatives from 26 NATO countries, participated in a workshop in Canada to discuss their experience in the development and application of current and emerging technologies for oil spill response in the marine environment. These presentations which form the basis of chapters in this book provide a practical viewpoint of methods used to deal with oil spills under the variety of environmental conditions found in the marine environment. In particular, focus is given to the evaluation of oil spill countermeasures for use under arctic conditions in light of anticipated regional increases in marine traffic (e.g. Northwest Passage) and industrial activities (e.g. offshore oil and gas exploration) in the future. This book provides a timely international perspective on applied research and development, technology transfer, and “lessons learned” from field trials and actual case studies associated with recent spill events. Topics include Preparedness/Contingency Planning, (Eco-terrorism); Oil Spill Fate and Transport (Environmental Persistence, Remote Sensing, modelling, Biodegradation), Biological Effects (Environmental Effects Monitoring and Environmental Risk Assessment); and Operational Response (Containment/Recovery Treating Agents, Shoreline Cleanup, In-situ Burning, Emerging Response Strategies). This book provides a synopsis as to the methods currently employed to deals with spills and an insight on future technologies under development.