Structural Reforms and Monetary Policies in a Behavioural Macroeconomic Model

Structural Reforms and Monetary Policies in a Behavioural Macroeconomic Model
Author: Paul de Grauwe
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2017
Genre: Business cycles
ISBN:

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Abstract: We use a New Keynesian behavioral macroeconomic model to analyze how structural reforms affect the nature of the business cycle and the capacity of the central bank to stabilize output and inflation. We find that structural reforms that increase the flexibility of wages and prices can have profound effects on the dynamics of the business cycle. Our main finding here is that there is an optimal level of flexibility (produced by structural reforms). We also find that in a rigid economy the central bank in general faces a tradeoff between output and inflation volatility. This tradeoff disappears when the economy becomes sufficiently flexible. In that case the central bank's efforts at stabilizing inflation and output are always welfare improving.

When Do Structural Reforms Work? On the Role of the Business Cycle and Macroeconomic Policies

When Do Structural Reforms Work? On the Role of the Business Cycle and Macroeconomic Policies
Author: MissAnna Rose Bordon
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 28
Release: 2016-03-15
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 151358992X

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Structural reforms are expected to lift growth and employment, but their effects are surprisingly difficult to pin down empirically. One reason is their potential endogeneity to the economic environment in which they are conducted. For example, the impact of a reform implemented shortly before a cyclical upswing is difficult to distinguish from the recovery itself. Similarly, macroeconomic policies conducted along a structural reform could affect the estimated impact. Exploring various options, this paper develops robust estimates of the impact of labor and product market reforms by using local projection techniques while controlling for endogeneity of reforms and other biases. The results suggest that labor and product market reforms have a lagged but positive impact on employment creation, and the positive effect remains even after controlling for the endogeneity of the decision to reform. Supportive macroeconomic policies are found to increase the effect of labor and product market reforms, consistent with the view that some structural reforms are best initiated in conjunction with supportive fiscal or monetary policy.

Lectures on Behavioral Macroeconomics

Lectures on Behavioral Macroeconomics
Author: Paul De Grauwe
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Total Pages: 152
Release: 2012-10-14
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0691147396

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6.2 Introducing Asset Prices in the Behavioral Model -- 6.3 Simulating the Model -- 6.4 Should the Central Bank Care about Stock Prices? -- 6.5 Inflation Targeting and Macroeconomic Stability -- 6.6 The Trade-off between Output and Inflation Variability -- 6.7 Conclusion -- 7 Extensions of the Basic Model -- 7.1 Fundamentalists Are Biased -- 7.2 Shocks and Trade-offs -- 7.3 Further Extensions of the Basic Model -- 7.4 Conclusion -- 8 Empirical Issues -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The Correlation of Output Movements and Animal Spirits -- 8.3 Model Predictions: Higher Moments -- 8.4 Transmission of Monetary Policy Shocks -- 8.5 Conclusion -- References -- Index

Structural Reforms

Structural Reforms
Author: Jakob de Haan
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 293
Release: 2018-03-22
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 3319744003

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This book presents a selection of contributions on the timely topic of structural reforms in Western economies, written by experts from central banks, the International Monetary Fund, and leading universities. It includes latest research on the impacts of structural reforms on the market economy, especially on the labor market, and investigates the results of collective bargaining in theory and practice. The book also comprises case studies of structural reforms. A literature survey on the topic serves as a valuable source for further research. The book is written by and targeted at both academics and policy makers.

Micro And Macro Economic Analysis Methods Predict Consumer Behavioral

Micro And Macro Economic Analysis Methods Predict Consumer Behavioral
Author: Johnny Ch Lok
Publisher:
Total Pages: 68
Release: 2019-05-25
Genre:
ISBN: 9781070215846

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Chapter ThreeMicro economic assess the influence on location choices and growth performance consumption prediction.Some economists indicate idea that seen central to the development of regional science at large and to economic geography and international trade theory. In this terms of economies of specialization increase returns to scale and in the case of regional science and economic geography, economies of localization and urbanization.The questions concern: Can choose the best business location to attract consumption growth performance? Does the best destination attract consumption growth?" Two cities attract trade from an intermediate town in the vicinity of the breaking point, approximately in direct proportion to the population of the two cities, and in inverse proportion to the squares of the distances of the intermediate town" ( Reggiani, 1998).It implies some economists believe that geographic location choice factor can influence consumption growth. It is possible due to the location has many people are living. So, it brings many business chance, or the location is one the country's main in economic development location, it can attract many travelers choose to go to the location to travel. So, it has many travelling clients to prefer to consumer.However, a smaller region can still attract consumption growth, if it had good transportation system. For example, a small region may not have its own university, but inhabitants may still have access to higher education. Elsewhere accessibility measures are also need in activity location models, where access ability is the way through which the quality of the transport system influences the land use.So, it seems although the regional land is small size and far from cities, but if it can have good transportation system to provide any people to travel the small size regional land from outside cities. It is possible to bring consumption growth. However, some economists believe that distance influence relations in economics and economic geography in two ways: first, natural resources are distributed unevenly across space and second, distance separates various activities from each other. They apply " law of demand" to support their reasons.

Behavioral Economy Methods Predict Organizational Behavior and Marketing Behavior

Behavioral Economy Methods Predict Organizational Behavior and Marketing Behavior
Author: Johnny Ch LOK
Publisher:
Total Pages: 375
Release: 2018-04-25
Genre:
ISBN: 9781980929987

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Part One Behavioral micro and macro economic conceptChapter One Behavioral economy method predictsorganizational behavioral changes and marketing behavioral changes. Over the past 20 years, many researchers believe to apply behavioral economic macroeconomic models which can predict market behavioral change. The reasons are based on assumptions of optimizing behavior in many cases have difficulty accounting for key real-world observations. Hence, researchers have used behavioral economics assumptions with the aim of making their model predicting better fit the data. The reason for behavioral economics results into macroeconomics will be more accurate to predict market behavioral change in macro-economy view point, such as economic fluctuation prediction, the consumption, formation of expectations and determination of wages and employment how to aggregation supply and the possibility of consumer individual demand product or service number prediction more accurately. Which assumptions should one now make when analyzing macro-economic questions? Economists believe some marketing changing behavioral assumptions that have already been implemented in macro-economic models, such as fairness consideration. Hence, marketing changing behavioral assumptions are needed for explaining macro-economic concept. ⦁ How to apply behavioral economy theory to predict marketing behavioral changes more accurate?In my this book, it will have two parts. The first part concerns why these US or UK enterprise change their marketing strategies to solve consumer behavioral changing challenges as the as the second part concerns why these US or UK enterprises change their organizational internal management strategies to solve their staffs' works or emotions challenges from their behavioral economy method.In first part, I shall apply micro or macroeconomic concept to assume why any one of these UK or US enterprises which are needed to change any marketing strategies from their consumer behavioral changing factor influences. I choose to apply micro or macroeconomic concept to assume that because macro or microeconomic evidence is more reasonable to prove why UK and US both countries themselves markets will be influenced to change these below UK and US enterprises' marketing strategies by their consumers' behavioral changing influences.

Emotion Influences Changing of Organizational Behavior and Marketing Behavior

Emotion Influences Changing of Organizational Behavior and Marketing Behavior
Author: Johnny Ch LOK
Publisher:
Total Pages: 372
Release: 2018-11-24
Genre:
ISBN: 9781790298723

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Part OneBehavioral micro and macro economic conceptChapter OneBehavioral economy method predictsorganizational behavioral changes and marketing behavioral changes.Over the past 20 years, many researchers believe to apply behavioral economic macroeconomic models which can predict market behavioral change. The reasons are based on assumptions of optimizing behavior in many cases have difficulty accounting for key real-world observations. Hence, researchers have used behavioral economics assumptions with the aim of making their model predicting better fit the data. The reason for behavioral economics results into macroeconomics will be more accurate to predict market behavioral change in macro-economy view point, such as economic fluctuation prediction, the consumption, formation of expectations and determination of wages and employment how to aggregation supply and the possibility of consumer individual demand product or service number prediction more accurately.Which assumptions should one now make when analyzing macro-economic questions? Economists believe some marketing changing behavioral assumptions that have already been implemented in macro-economic models, such as fairness consideration. Hence, marketing changing behavioral assumptions are needed for explaining macro-economic concept. ⦁How to apply behavioral economy theory to predict marketing behavioral changes more accurate?For example, when there is strong evidence for macroeconomic consumption behavior, it is less clear whether this inertia should be viewed as the outcome of consumer individual habit information or other alternative to choose to by any kind of products or consume any services. Another reason is whether macroeconomic models should incorporate behavioral features or other standard economic model, like financial risk, loan fluctuation, the product or service price changing etc. factors general macro social economic problems to influence consumer general consumption desires in the country.On the one hand, I shall apply macroeconomic or microeconomic concepts to explain why these UK or US enterprises need to change marketing strategies to solve their consumer desires changing challenges. Anyway, economists aim to develop models of human behavior and interactions in market in order to build useful models. Economists make simplifying assumptions to analyze why the market will be changed by consumer individual consumption behavior changing.On the other hand, I also shall apply micro economy concept "economy man concept", "consumer individual cost and benefit, "excepted utility theory" as well as macro economy concept to explain why consumer will change their consumption behaviors to influence these US or UK enterprises need to change their marketing strategies to solve their consumers'shopping desires to be decreased challenges from behavioral economy view point.Why do I assume consumers are as economic man ? In behavioral economy view point, how the perception of the economic man's behavior (including consumer choices) of economic models with the development of economics as a science. Economists explain the concept of economics as a science. It is the concept of consumer as an economic man, the essence and complexity of consumer behavior.

The Oxford Handbook of Computational Economics and Finance

The Oxford Handbook of Computational Economics and Finance
Author: Shu-Heng Chen
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 785
Release: 2018-01-12
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0190877502

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The Oxford Handbook of Computational Economics and Finance provides a survey of both the foundations of and recent advances in the frontiers of analysis and action. It is both historically and interdisciplinarily rich and also tightly connected to the rise of digital society. It begins with the conventional view of computational economics, including recent algorithmic development in computing rational expectations, volatility, and general equilibrium. It then moves from traditional computing in economics and finance to recent developments in natural computing, including applications of nature-inspired intelligence, genetic programming, swarm intelligence, and fuzzy logic. Also examined are recent developments of network and agent-based computing in economics. How these approaches are applied is examined in chapters on such subjects as trading robots and automated markets. The last part deals with the epistemology of simulation in its trinity form with the integration of simulation, computation, and dynamics. Distinctive is the focus on natural computationalism and the examination of the implications of intelligent machines for the future of computational economics and finance. Not merely individual robots, but whole integrated systems are extending their "immigration" to the world of Homo sapiens, or symbiogenesis.

Structural Reforms in the Euro Area

Structural Reforms in the Euro Area
Author: Luc Everaert
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 36
Release: 2006-06
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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Using the IMF's Global Economic Model, calibrated to the European Union, the effects of reform in product and labor markets are quantified for both a large and a small euro area economy. When markups in these markets are reduced, there are sizable long-term gains in output and employment. Most of these gains accrue to the reforming country regardless of whether reform takes place elsewhere; conversely, spillovers of reform elsewhere are limited. Labor and services market reforms have transitional costs as they induce a temporary decline in consumption, but raising competition in goods markets can mitigate some of these costs. Thus, coordinating the timing of reforms across markets is beneficial, and the more so the more open the reforming economy. In addition, synchronizing structural reforms across large countries of the euro area could eliminate transition costs. Increased supply would allow monetary policy to ease without jeopardizing price stability objectives, though in practice uncertainty may prevent full accommodation.