Analytical Method to Predict Locking Range in LC Injection-locked Frequency Dividers

Analytical Method to Predict Locking Range in LC Injection-locked Frequency Dividers
Author: Saeid Daneshgar Asl
Publisher:
Total Pages: 181
Release: 2010
Genre: Microelectronics
ISBN:

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RF phase locked loops (PLLs) are widely used in CMOS RF front-end systems as frequency synthesizers or clock sources to generate local oscillating signals. One of the main issues in the design of the high frequency PLLs is the high power consumption of the divider block. One power reduction strategy is to use an analog frequency divider instead of a conventional digital divider. Among analog dividers, injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs) are attractive in frequency synthesizers because of their lower power consumptions compared to conventional digital dividers. The narrow locked regions of ILFDs has become a key issue for designers of ILFDs who need to know a priori the range of frequencies (locking range) over which they will operate. This has motivated extensive work in the literature towards modeling and predicting the behavior of these circuits in order to maximize their locking range. A variety of ILFD architectures with different locking ranges, operating frequencies and power consumptions has been implemented in the literature. However, there is still a lack of a comprehensive qualitative analysis and a corresponding robust design methodology for ILFD circuits in order to determine the locking range and the center frequency of the locked regions with respect to the ILFD{u2019}s design parameters for both small and large amplitudes of input injected signals. Current theories uses linear approximations that limit their accuracy and are suitable for small amplitudes of injected input signal. Therefore, as the first aim of this thesis, we consider this problem and analyze an ILFD circuit using nonlinear dynamical systems theory to extract a qualitative analysis as well as a design methodology that can be attractive for people from both the academic and industrial communities. Generally, injection-locked frequency divider circuits can be classified into two major families: Ring Oscillator based ILFDs and LC Oscillator based ILFDs. A circuit designer always has trade-offs in selecting an architecture from these two categories. The trade-offs are: for a given power budget, Ring Oscillator based ILFDs are compact and have wider locked regions but are noisy, whereas LC oscillators consume considerably more chip area and have narrower locked regions but have lower inherent noise. In this thesis, we consider a complementary differential LC ILFD which is a specific LC ILFD architecture that has excellent noise performance.

Issues in Electronic Circuits, Devices, and Materials: 2011 Edition

Issues in Electronic Circuits, Devices, and Materials: 2011 Edition
Author:
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
Total Pages: 3775
Release: 2012-01-09
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 146496372X

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Issues in Electronic Circuits, Devices, and Materials: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Electronic Circuits, Devices, and Materials. The editors have built Issues in Electronic Circuits, Devices, and Materials: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Electronic Circuits, Devices, and Materials in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Electronic Circuits, Devices, and Materials: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Frequency Standards

Frequency Standards
Author: Fritz Riehle
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 540
Release: 2006-03-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3527605959

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Of all measurement units, frequency is the one that may be determined with the highest degree of accuracy. It equally allows precise measurements of other physical and technical quantities, whenever they can be measured in terms of frequency. This volume covers the central methods and techniques relevant for frequency standards developed in physics, electronics, quantum electronics, and statistics. After a review of the basic principles, the book looks at the realisation of commonly used components. It then continues with the description and characterisation of important frequency standards from atomic clocks, to frequency stabilised lasers. The whole is rounded of with a discussion of topical applications in engineering, telecommunications, and metrology.

Understanding Jitter and Phase Noise

Understanding Jitter and Phase Noise
Author: Nicola Da Dalt
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 270
Release: 2018-02-22
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 131699306X

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Gain an intuitive understanding of jitter and phase noise with this authoritative guide. Leading researchers provide expert insights on a wide range of topics, from general theory and the effects of jitter on circuits and systems, to key statistical properties and numerical techniques. Using the tools provided in this book, you will learn how and when jitter and phase noise occur, their relationship with one another, how they can degrade circuit performance, and how to mitigate their effects - all in the context of the most recent research in the field. Examine the impact of jitter in key application areas, including digital circuits and systems, data converters, wirelines, and wireless systems, and learn how to simulate it using the accompanying Matlab code. Supported by additional examples and exercises online, this is a one-stop guide for graduate students and practicing engineers interested in improving the performance of modern electronic circuits and systems.

Time and Frequency: Theory and Fundamentals

Time and Frequency: Theory and Fundamentals
Author: Byron Emerson Blair
Publisher:
Total Pages: 468
Release: 1974
Genre: Atomic frequency standards
ISBN:

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The document is a tutorial Monograph describing various aspects of time and frequency (T/F). Included are chapters relating to elemental concepts of precise time and frequency; basic principles of quartz oscillators and atomic frequency standards; historical review, recent progress, and current status of atomic frequency standards; promising areas for developing future primary frequency standards; relevance of frequency standards to other areas of metrology including a unified standard concept; statistics of T/F data analysis coupled with the theory and construction of the NBS atomic time scale; an overview of T/F dissemination techniques; and the standards of T/F in the USA. The Monograph addresses both the specialist in the field as well as those desiring basic information about time and frequency. The authors trace the development and scope of T/F technology, its improvement over periods of decades, its status today, and its possible use, applications, and development in days to come.

Microwave Devices, Circuits and Subsystems for Communications Engineering

Microwave Devices, Circuits and Subsystems for Communications Engineering
Author: Ian A. Glover
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 550
Release: 2006-05-01
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0470012749

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Microwave Devices, Circuits and Subsystems for Communications Engineering provides a detailed treatment of the common microwave elements found in modern microwave communications systems. The treatment is thorough without being unnecessarily mathematical. The emphasis is on acquiring a conceptual understanding of the techniques and technologies discussed and the practical design criteria required to apply these in real engineering situations. Key topics addressed include: Microwave diode and transistor equivalent circuits Microwave transmission line technologies and microstrip design Network methods and s-parameter measurements Smith chart and related design techniques Broadband and low-noise amplifier design Mixer theory and design Microwave filter design Oscillators, synthesisers and phase locked loops Each chapter is written by specialists in their field and the whole is edited by experience authors whose expertise spans the fields of communications systems engineering and microwave circuit design. Microwave Devices, Circuits and Subsystems for Communications Engineering is suitable for senior electrical, electronic or telecommunications engineering undergraduate students, first year postgraduate students and experienced engineers seeking a conversion or refresher text. Includes a companion website featuring: Solutions to selected problems Electronic versions of the figures Sample chapter

Low-Power Design Techniques and CAD Tools for Analog and RF Integrated Circuits

Low-Power Design Techniques and CAD Tools for Analog and RF Integrated Circuits
Author: Piet Wambacq
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 318
Release: 2007-05-08
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0306480891

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This unique book provides an overview of the current state of the art and very recent research results that have been achieved as part of the Low-Power Initiative of the European Union, in the field of analogue, RF and mixed-signal design methodologies and CAD tools.

Circuit Design for RF Transceivers

Circuit Design for RF Transceivers
Author: Domine Leenaerts
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 342
Release: 2007-05-08
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 0306479788

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