An Overview of Legal Regime Governing Multimodal Transport. Ethiopia in Focus

An Overview of Legal Regime Governing Multimodal Transport. Ethiopia in Focus
Author: Tewachew Alem
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 33
Release: 2020-05-11
Genre: Law
ISBN: 3346163792

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Seminar paper from the year 2019 in the subject Law - Civil / Private / Trade / Anti Trust Law / Business Law, grade: A+, Bahir Dar University (School of Law), course: International Commercial Law, language: English, abstract: The term “multimodal transport” refers carriage of goods by more than one mode of transport through single fright contract. Unfortunately, technical developments of multimodal carriage of goods are not supported by adequate legal framework. Despite various attempts that have been made in the past, there is no mandatory international convention governing multimodal carriage. The 1980 Multimodal Convention drawn by the UN has not come into force. All applicable international conventions are unimodal. Provisions contained in each of these unimodal conventions may be applicable to the relating leg of multimodal transport and governing the important issues related to the liability of the MTO differs significantly. Such important issues are: bases of MTO’s liability, limits of liability, loss of right to limit liability, liability of MTO for his agents and servants etc. Therefore, MTO cannot be certain which regime applies to his liability for the loss of goods. This problem is especially noticeable in the cases involving “non-localized loss”. Therefore, there is up to parties to create their own contractual solutions for multimodal transport of goods, taking into account mandatory provisions of unimodal conventions and applicable national laws. Some helpful contractual standard rules have been created in commercial practice. In spite of that, a large majority of industrial representatives and Governments consider the present legal framework unsatisfactory. As a result, countries are adopting their own national multimodal transport laws, in which Ethiopia is not an exception. This reflects fragmentation of rules concerning multimodal transport.

Applicable Rules Governing International Multimodal Transportation

Applicable Rules Governing International Multimodal Transportation
Author: Samaneh Lalehgani
Publisher:
Total Pages: 122
Release: 2016-01-10
Genre:
ISBN: 9781523344697

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With developments that have been achieved in carriages of goods especially as a result of container revolution, Carriage methods have been faced with many changes and developments which one of the most important ones was international multimodal carriage of goods. Using multimodal carriage of goods by consignors, caused new challenges and issues in the areas of carriage law which available laws, regulations and legal structures were not capable to solve these problems.International Multimodal carriage is defined as the carriage of goods by two or more modes of usual transport, under a contractual arrangement from one country to another country.The purpose of this Descriptive - analytical research is finding governing regulations and rules on international multimodal carriage of goods and finding appropriate ways to determine the applicable law. There is not any integrated and specific law governing multimodal carriage of goods.This thesis tries to analyze existing conventions, including the convention on road, rail and provisions governing marine carriage contracts. Proposed hypotheses have been proved. It is derived from the results which there is not any accepted universally rule for determining an integrated governing law for multimodal carriage contracts. Also in the Iranian legal system, there is no legislation on multimodal carriage and parties to a multimodal carriage contact are unable to choose foreign law as the governing law and none of these existing conventions cannot possibly be applied as a comprehensive document that governs all issues of multimodal carriage of goods because all existing carriage conventions, apply on a particular method of carriage with just one mode which don't have qualification for applying on combination of these various modes in multimodal carriage. Application of different rules on a contract also causes legal conflicts between rules hence determining governing law has a special importance in these contracts.

Multimodal Transport Law

Multimodal Transport Law
Author: Marian Hoeks
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 562
Release: 2010-01-01
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9041132465

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We only have to look around us on the road while we travel to work or home, or to use our eyes at a railway station to know that the transport of goods takes up a lot of the room our modern day infrastructures provide. Sometimes perhaps a little too much; nowadays congestion seems to be the rule rather than the exception. This is an uncomfortable side effect of the explosive growth freight transport has experienced the last few decades1. Modern day transport offers a considerable array of possibilities; possibilities that are for the most part taken for granted by the general public that enjoys their benefits. The average European would not be surprised to learn that the fruit on offer in the local supermarket originates from another continent for instance. The idea that most of the things we use in our daily routine stem from a distant source, such as a cell phone from Japan, a trendy pair of designer jeans made in China or a glass of Australian wine, seems completely natural to us. Clearly the contemporary transport industry offers us a lot of benefits besides such discomforts as congestion and pollution. In earlier times, before machinery such as the steam engine had been invented it was hardly cost effective or even feasible when it came to perishables to carry goods halfway around the world if they were not at least valuable and extraordinary2. The limitations set on trade by the transport structures available did more however than simply curtail the range of affordable products on offer for the public. They also had a negative effect on the location of the industry, limited transport possibilities and forced production to take place near or in heavily populated areas to secure the necessary workforce and market possibilities. After all, industrial decentralisation is only feasible if there is an infrastructure capable of supporting a cost effective movement of goods and employees3 ...

Global Trends 2040

Global Trends 2040
Author: National Intelligence Council
Publisher: Cosimo Reports
Total Pages: 158
Release: 2021-03
Genre:
ISBN: 9781646794973

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"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.

Diagnosing Corruption in Ethiopia

Diagnosing Corruption in Ethiopia
Author: Janelle Plummer
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Total Pages: 448
Release: 2012-07-06
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0821395327

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This is a study of the nature of corruption in Ethiopia. It maps eight key sectors. The diagnostics strongly suggest that, in Ethiopia, corrupt practice in the delivery of basic services is potentially much lower than other low-income countries, but that there are emerging patterns in sector level corruption.

Keeping Pace with Change: Fintech and the Evolution of Commercial Law

Keeping Pace with Change: Fintech and the Evolution of Commercial Law
Author: International Monetary Fund
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Total Pages: 31
Release: 2022-01-27
Genre:
ISBN: 1616358750

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This note explores the interactions between new technologies with key areas of commercial law and potential legal changes to respond to new developments in technology and businesses. Inspired by the Bali Fintech Agenda, this note argues that country authorities need to closely examine the adequacy of their legal frameworks to accommodate the use of new technologies and implement necessary legal reform so as to reap the benefits of fintech while mitigating risks. Given the cross-border nature of new technologies, international cooperation among all relevant stakeholders is critical. The note is structured as follows: Section II describes the relations between technology, business, and law, Section III discusses the nature and functions of commercial law; Section IV provides a brief overview of developments in fintech; Section V examines the interaction between technology and commercial law; and Section VI concludes with a preliminary agenda for legal reform to accommodate the use of new technologies.

Review of Maritime Transport 2020

Review of Maritime Transport 2020
Author: United Nations
Publisher: UN
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2021-01-06
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9789211129939

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This series contains the decisions of the Court in both the English and French texts.