An Integrated Earthquake Impact Assessment System

An Integrated Earthquake Impact Assessment System
Author: Sheng-Lin Lin
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2011
Genre:
ISBN:
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This dissertation presents a methodology for the refined, reliable, integrated and versatile assessment of the impact of earthquakes on civil infrastructure systems by using free-field and structural instrumentation as well as hybrid simulation. The methodology is presented through a seamlessly-integrated, transparent, transferable and extensible software platform, referred to as NEES Integrated Seismic Risk Assessment Framework (NISRAF). The software tool combines all necessary components in order to obtain the most reliable earthquake impact assessment results possible. The components are (i) hybrid simulation, (ii) free-field and (iii) structural sensor measurements, (iv) hazard characterization, (v) system identification-based model updating, (vi) hybrid fragility analysis and (vii) impact assessment software. NISRAF has been built and demonstrated via applications to an actual test bed in the Los Angeles area. Based on an instrumented six-story steel moment resisting frame building and free-field station records, site response analysis was performed, and hazard characterization and surface ground motion records were generated for further use during the hybrid simulations and fragility analyses. Meanwhile, the finite element model was built, and the natural frequencies and mode shapes were identified using suitable algorithms. The numerical model was updated through a sensitivity-based model updating technique. Next, hybrid simulations0́4with the most critical component of the structural system tested in the laboratory and the remainders of the structure simulated analytically0́4were conducted within UI-SIMCOR and ZEUS-NL, both software platforms of the University of Illinois. The simulated results closely matched their measured counterparts. Fragility curves were derived using hybrid simulation results along with dispersions from research on similar structures from the literature. Impact assessment results using the generated hazard map and fragility curves correlated very well with field observations following the Northridge earthquake of 17 January 1994. The novelty of the developed framework is primarily the improvement of every component of earthquake impact assessment and the integration of these components0́4most of which have not been deployed in such an application before0́4into a single versatile and extensible platform. To achieve seamless integration and to arrive at an operational and verified system, several components were used innovatively, tailored to perform the role required by NISRAF. The integrated feature brings the most advanced tools of earthquake hazard and structural reliability analyses into the context of societal requirement for accurate evaluation of the impact of earthquakes on the built environment.

Integrated Earthquake Simulation

Integrated Earthquake Simulation
Author: Muneo Hori
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023
Genre: Earthquakes
ISBN: 9780367712068
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Integrated earthquake simulation (IES) is a new method for evaluating earthquake hazards and disasters induced in cities and urban areas. It utilises a sequence of numerical simulations of such aspects as earthquake wave propagation, ground motion amplification, structural seismic response, and mass evacuation. This book covers the basics of numerical analysis methods of solving wave equations, analyzing structural responses, and developing agent models for mass evaluation, which are implemented in IES. IES makes use of Monte-Carlo simulation, which takes account of the effects of uncertainties related to earthquake scenarios and the modeling of structures both above and below ground, and facilitates a better estimate of overall earthquake and disaster hazard. It also presents the recent achievement of enhancing IES with high-performance computing capability that can make use of automated models which employ various numerical analysis methods. Detailed examples of IES for the Tokyo Metropolis Earthquake and the Nankai Trough Earthquake are given, which use large scale analysis models of actual cities and urban areas.

Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering

Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering
Author: Amr S. Elnashai
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 493
Release: 2015-09-28
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1118678923
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Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering: From Source to Fragility, Second Edition combines aspects of engineering seismology, structural and geotechnical earthquake engineering to assemble the vital components required for a deep understanding of response of structures to earthquake ground motion, from the seismic source to the evaluation of actions and deformation required for design, and culminating with probabilistic fragility analysis that applies to individual as well as groups of buildings. Basic concepts for accounting for the effects of soil-structure interaction effects in seismic design and assessment are also provided in this second edition. The nature of earthquake risk assessment is inherently multi-disciplinary. Whereas this book addresses only structural safety assessment and design, the problem is cast in its appropriate context by relating structural damage states to societal consequences and expectations, through the fundamental response quantities of stiffness, strength and ductility. This new edition includes material on the nature of earthquake sources and mechanisms, various methods for the characterization of earthquake input motion, effects of soil-structure interaction, damage observed in reconnaissance missions, modeling of structures for the purposes of response simulation, definition of performance limit states, fragility relationships derivation, features and effects of underlying soil, structural and architectural systems for optimal seismic response, and action and deformation quantities suitable for design. Key features: Unified and novel approach: from source to fragility Clear conceptual framework for structural response analysis, earthquake input characterization, modelling of soil-structure interaction and derivation of fragility functions Theory and relevant practical applications are merged within each chapter Contains a new chapter on the derivation of fragility Accompanied by a website containing illustrative slides, problems with solutions and worked-through examples Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering: From Source to Fragility, Second Edition is designed to support graduate teaching and learning, introduce practising structural and geotechnical engineers to earthquake analysis and design problems, as well as being a reference book for further studies.

SYNER-G: Systemic Seismic Vulnerability and Risk Assessment of Complex Urban, Utility, Lifeline Systems and Critical Facilities

SYNER-G: Systemic Seismic Vulnerability and Risk Assessment of Complex Urban, Utility, Lifeline Systems and Critical Facilities
Author: K. Pitilakis
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 408
Release: 2014-06-19
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9401788359
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SYNER-G, a multidisciplinary effort funded by the European Union, allowed the development of an innovative methodological framework for the assessment of physical as well as socio-economic seismic vulnerability and risk at urban and regional level. The results of SYNER-G are presented in two books both published by Springer, the present and a second one, entitled “SYNER-G: Typology Definition and Fragility Functions for Physical Elements at Seismic Risk: Buildings, Lifelines, Transportation Networks and Critical Facilities”(*), which provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art of the fragility curves, an alternative way to express physical vulnerability of elements at risk. In this second volume of SYNER-G, the focus has been on presenting a unified holistic methodology for assessing vulnerability at systems level considering interactions between elements at risk (physical and non-physical) and between different systems. The proposed methodology and tool encompasses in an integrated fashion all aspects in the chain, from hazard to the vulnerability assessment of components and systems and to the socio-economic impacts of an earthquake, accounting for most relevant uncertainties within an efficient quantitative simulation scheme. It systematically integrates the most advanced fragility functions to assess the vulnerability of physical assets for buildings, utility systems, transportation networks and complex infrastructures such as harbours and hospitals. The increasing impact due to interactions between different components and systems is treated in a comprehensive way, providing specifications for each network and infrastructure. The proposed socio-economic model integrates social vulnerability into the physical systems modelling approaches providing to decision makers with a dynamic platform to capture post disaster emergency issues like shelter demand and health impact decisions. Application examples at city and regional scale have provided the necessary validation of the methodology and are also included in the book. The present volume, with its companion volume on fragility functions, represent a significant step forward in the seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of complex interacting urban and regional systems and infrastructures. These volumes are not only of interest to scientists and engineers but also to the insurance industry, decision makers and practitioners in the sector of civil protection and seismic risk management. (*) Pitilakis K, Crowley E, Kaynia A (eds) (2014) SYNER-G: Typology definition and fragility functions for physical elements at seismic risk, Series: Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering 27, ISBN 978-94-007-7872-6, Springer Science+Business Media, Dordrecht.

Integrated Earthquake Simulation

Integrated Earthquake Simulation
Author: M. Hori
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 189
Release: 2022-09-26
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1000615723
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Integrated earthquake simulation (IES) is a new method for evaluating earthquake hazards and disasters induced in cities and urban areas. It utilises a sequence of numerical simulations of such aspects as earthquake wave propagation, ground motion amplification, structural seismic response, and mass evacuation. This book covers the basics of numerical analysis methods of solving wave equations, analyzing structural responses, and developing agent models for mass evaluation, which are implemented in IES. IES makes use of Monte-Carlo simulation, which takes account of the effects of uncertainties related to earthquake scenarios and the modeling of structures both above and below ground, and facilitates a better estimate of overall earthquake and disaster hazard. It also presents the recent achievement of enhancing IES with high-performance computing capability that can make use of automated models which employ various numerical analysis methods. Detailed examples of IES for the Tokyo Metropolis Earthquake and the Nankai Trough Earthquake are given, which use large scale analysis models of actual cities and urban areas.

National Earthquake Resilience

National Earthquake Resilience
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 197
Release: 2011-09-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0309186773
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The United States will certainly be subject to damaging earthquakes in the future. Some of these earthquakes will occur in highly populated and vulnerable areas. Coping with moderate earthquakes is not a reliable indicator of preparedness for a major earthquake in a populated area. The recent, disastrous, magnitude-9 earthquake that struck northern Japan demonstrates the threat that earthquakes pose. Moreover, the cascading nature of impacts-the earthquake causing a tsunami, cutting electrical power supplies, and stopping the pumps needed to cool nuclear reactors-demonstrates the potential complexity of an earthquake disaster. Such compound disasters can strike any earthquake-prone populated area. National Earthquake Resilience presents a roadmap for increasing our national resilience to earthquakes. The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) is the multi-agency program mandated by Congress to undertake activities to reduce the effects of future earthquakes in the United States. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-the lead NEHRP agency-commissioned the National Research Council (NRC) to develop a roadmap for earthquake hazard and risk reduction in the United States that would be based on the goals and objectives for achieving national earthquake resilience described in the 2008 NEHRP Strategic Plan. National Earthquake Resilience does this by assessing the activities and costs that would be required for the nation to achieve earthquake resilience in 20 years. National Earthquake Resilience interprets resilience broadly to incorporate engineering/science (physical), social/economic (behavioral), and institutional (governing) dimensions. Resilience encompasses both pre-disaster preparedness activities and post-disaster response. In combination, these will enhance the robustness of communities in all earthquake-vulnerable regions of our nation so that they can function adequately following damaging earthquakes. While National Earthquake Resilience is written primarily for the NEHRP, it also speaks to a broader audience of policy makers, earth scientists, and emergency managers.