This guide describes biological and economic procedures developed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to evaluate the biological effects and economic benefits of BLM's resource improvements and treatments, especially habitat improvements, affecting wildlife populations. Although developed as part of an instructional package for teaching BLM resource managers to use BLM procedures for benefit-cost analysis and project ranking, this expanded publication is also intended to provide a basic level of knowledge and understanding of wildlife economics and productivity analysis. This guide is written for biologists and other resource specialists, economists, other social scientists, planners, and managers.