An Analysis of Municipal Government Expenditures in Japan
Author | : Akio Sone |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 548 |
Release | : 1993 |
Genre | : Japan |
ISBN | : |
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Author | : Akio Sone |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 548 |
Release | : 1993 |
Genre | : Japan |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Michio Muramatsu |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
Total Pages | : 280 |
Release | : 2001 |
Genre | : Japan |
ISBN | : 9780199248285 |
This book examines the evolution of intergovernmental relations in postwar Japan. These relations are shown to be both complex and dynamic, and the Japanese model is revealed as one in which aspects of both central control and local autonomy have co-existed with the balance shifting graduallyover time towards the latter. The Japanese system has helped to maintain broad-based economic growth since it has at its core a strongly egalitarian fiscal transfer mechanism. At the same time, it has proved to be consistent, to a much greater extent than previously recognized, with politicaldevelopment, or progress in the attainment of such political values as liberty (personal rights) and equality (broad participation in public affairs) for individuals and communities. This is because the national government has proved flexible enough to accommodate, although not always with grace oralacrity, citizen concerns about the quality of life. The Japanese approach to intergovernmental relationships has also been successful in solving coordination problems which often arise between local and central government units and in building capacity to support greater and effectivedecentralization. Coordination problems have been handled through a variety of mechanisms including the practice of agency delegated functions, while local capacity issues have been addressed through such practices as the exchange of personnel across different levels of government and the use ofattractive compensation and training packages to recruit and retain local staff. The Japanese experience thus provides an example of gradual and guided decentralization based on shared responsibilities between local and central governments for mobilizing, managing, and spending public resources inthe pursuit of sustainable development.
Author | : Shun-ichiro Bessho |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 26 |
Release | : 2017 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
This paper aims to provide an overview of the basics of Japan's local public administration and finance system and to analyze how Japan's municipalities restore their fiscal balance after a fiscal shock. In Japan, local governments play a major role in redistribution. Combined with regional disparities in tax capacities and an inflexible local tax system, there is a large vertical fiscal gap in Japan between the central and local governments -- a gap that necessitates the transfer of funds from central to local governments. Under this system, the fiscal adjustments in Japan's municipalities occur mainly via changes in government investment, and they account for 63%-95% of adjustments in permanent unit innovations in grants and own-source revenue. In contrast to the role of expenditure, the municipalities' own-source revenue plays a limited role in balancing the local budget. The results of this study also reveal that 40% of the increase in own-source revenue is offset by a reduction in grants. Furthermore, municipalities can induce grants by expanding government current expenditure. Finally, this study offers and discusses some policy implications.
Author | : Yasuo Takao |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 259 |
Release | : 2018-10-30 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 0429820062 |
First published in 1999, this book offers a new study of local government in Japan. There is an enormous amount of information about Japanese local government that has not yet appeared in English. With the author’s local familiarity, elected local officials and local residents have been extraordinarily open and forthcoming. This allows a rethinking of the topic by mobilising a multitude of solid factual material. Japan has dealt with the dramatically increased public sector, but has done so in a setting of institutional centralisation. How has central authority sought to find ways of managing the continuous expansion of state activities? How have local authorities responded to central government’s initiative in integrating state administration? The answers the book gives to these questions present an alternative understanding of Japanese local government.
Author | : Tokue Shibata |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 232 |
Release | : 1993 |
Genre | : Finance, Public |
ISBN | : |
An outline of how the Japanese finance of their public sector. Contributors provide details on financial administration, budget formation, taxation, and disbursement of revenue and discuss policy issues and conflict. Also examined are taxation and spending, relations between the central and local governments, and the expansion of social welfare issues.
Author | : Masayuki Kotani |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2022 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
We use the synthetic control method to analyze the impact of the transfer of administrative works on public welfare expenses, using the transition from an ordinary city to a core city, which is one of the designated statuses under the metropolitan system in Japan. Our results suggest that the amount of the expense does not necessarily increase after the transition and that the range of increase varies. The results showed that the increase in per capita public welfare expenses ranged from 0.4% to 24.1%, and the average increase in the ratio of public welfare expenses to total expenditure ranged from -2.3% to 4.1%. In all cases, we test the robustness of the model using a leave-one-out reestimation of nonintervention individuals with weights and find that our model itself is robust. The impact of the transition to the core city on municipal finances varies depending on the characteristics of the municipality, the surrounding economic zone, and population trends, and a multifaceted evaluation is necessary when implementing financial resource measures.
Author | : Naomi Enid Slack |
Publisher | : UN-HABITAT |
Total Pages | : 90 |
Release | : 2009 |
Genre | : Municipal finance |
ISBN | : 9211321131 |
Author | : Werner Pascha |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 40 |
Release | : 2001 |
Genre | : Fiskalpolitik |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Hiroko Ishii |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 12 |
Release | : 1998 |
Genre | : Fiscal policy |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Ms.Keiko Honjo |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 61 |
Release | : 1997-11-01 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 145192240X |
This paper assesses the efficiency of government expenditure on education and health in 38 countries in Africa in 1984-95, both in relation to each other and compared with countries in Asia and the Western Hemisphere. The results show that, on average, countries in Africa are less efficient than countries in Asia and the Western Hemisphere; however, education and health spending in Africa became more efficient during that period. The assessment further suggests that improvements in educational attainment and health output in African countries require more than just higher budgetary allocations.