In the realm of political science, this book discusses the various challenges coming up in the 21st century in the form of globalization, global governance, feminism, contemporary terrorism, state supremacy, democracy, and human rights. In the light of the latest developments, it explains, analyzes, and evaluates these challenges to reformulate contemporary 'political theory.' It first takes up substantive studies of political behaviouralism, power, influence, authority and legitimacy, modernization and development, political ideologies and political cultures, and feminine political theory. Along with systems and structural-functional approaches as theories-in-making, the book - looking into the proper relationship among values, theory, and methodology - strives to transform conventional political science into rechristened 'politicology.' To serve the global market, the author has discovered 'applied' aspects of the discipline in form of new professions of 'political engineering' and 'political technologies.' The book, in this manner, undertakes the task of evolving an advanced modern political theory. Until scholars are able to realize this goal, they are advised, in its place, to empirically make use of the devices of 'analysis' and 'explanation, ' and continue striving for it. The book concentrates on the past and present, but its goal is to prepare the discipline for the critical future. An advanced political theory, as proposed in this book, opposes both status quo and unaccountable power lying with vested interests