Access Rights to European Energy Networks - A Construction Site Revisited

Access Rights to European Energy Networks - A Construction Site Revisited
Author: Alexander Kotlowski
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2014
Genre:
ISBN:
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The paper examines the Third Party Access right embodied in the European Electricity and Gas Directives (2003/54/EC and 2003/55/EC), in the context of the recent cases decided by the European Court of Justice. First, the legal concept of the access right as a right ancillary to an energy supply contract, and the corresponding duties of system operators are explored. Second, anticompetitive effects of restrictions on connecting new customers to transmission systems as well as a distinction between 'access' and 'connection' are critically examined. Third, the paper considers the status of 'private networks' and the scope of energy systems to which, access requirements apply. Finally, the paper discusses circumstances when competition law grants compulsory third party access to energy networks and where refusal of access constitutes an abuse of a dominant position enjoyed by energy undertakings. The 'essential facilities' doctrine and 'refusal to supply' cases are reviewed in relation to gas and electricity markets. The full version of the paper is available as a Book Chapter.

EU Electricity Trade Law

EU Electricity Trade Law
Author: Petri Mäntysaari
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 621
Release: 2015-05-06
Genre: Law
ISBN: 3319165135
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This book aims to describe the mechanisms of the internal wholesale electricity market in terms of the legal tools and practices used by electricity producers, the most important market participants. In this regard, the focus is on Northwestern Europe. Because of the book’s functional perspective, it is not limited to the external regulation of electricity markets at the EU level and also describes the business models and practices employed by electricity producers. Both the physical and financial marketplaces are examined and topics including electricity supply, balancing, transmission and derivatives are covered. The target for the completion of the EU’s internal electricity market was 2014. The internal wholesale electricity market is very important not only for electricity producers, suppliers and major end consumers but also for network operators, marketplace operators, electricity technology firms, investment firms and market regulators.

Russian Electricity and Energy Investment Law

Russian Electricity and Energy Investment Law
Author: Anatole Boute
Publisher: BRILL
Total Pages: 803
Release: 2015-08-11
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9004203281
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Electricity supply plays a strategic role for Russia’s economic development and for social peace. As a main consumer of natural gas, electricity is also of central importance for the efficient management of Russia’s energy resource basis. Today, however, the electricity sector is in an obsolete condition. Investments are needed in the modernization of the infrastructure. This book analyzes the liberalization and privatization program that Russia is implementing to attract private investments in this modernization process. Taking a comparative approach, this analysis critically assesses Russian electricity law in the light of the European liberalization experience. Given the strategic importance of electricity, investors face significant risks of government intervention. This book identifies these regulatory risks and examines investment protection mechanisms under Russia’s national and international investment obligations.

Vertical Natural Gas Transportation Capacity, Upstream Commodity Contracts, and EU Competition Law

Vertical Natural Gas Transportation Capacity, Upstream Commodity Contracts, and EU Competition Law
Author: Kim Talus
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Total Pages: 346
Release: 2011-01-01
Genre: Law
ISBN: 9041134077
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Because the EU depends on a very small number of external suppliers for its natural gas, energy security issues inevitably arise. In theory, competition law should regulate and adjudicate such issues. Yet, because contracts between EU companies and producers are highly sensitive and politically charged, the application of EU competition law to natural gas contracts is far from clear. This important book, drawing on ECJ case law, Commission administrative cases and inquiries, and the full range of relevant legal and economic theory, provides an extremely valuable and detailed study of how EU competition law can be applied to long-term natural gas capacity reservation and commodity contracts. Issues and topics such as the following arise in the course of the analysis: Third Gas Market Directive provisions; Article 102 TFEU cases on strategic under-investment; pre-liberation or "legacy" gas contracts (e.g., with Algeria and Russia); "right of first refusal"; take-or-pay requirement; third-party access; ownership unbundling; effect of elimination of priority access regimes; short-term trading; spot markets; and law and economics of vertical restraints. Focusing on the foreclosing effect of long-term upstream commodity contracts, the author recommends restrictions on the use of capacity reservation contracts, and analyses the efficacy of security of supply as a competition law defence in cases relating to such contracts.

Energy Security along the New Silk Road

Energy Security along the New Silk Road
Author: Anatole Boute
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 299
Release: 2019-06-13
Genre: Law
ISBN: 1108585485
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Guaranteeing energy security is one of the most complex challenges of energy law and policy. Energy insecurity threatens economic development, social peace and stability. This book focuses on energy security in the strategically important region of Central Asia. The region holds huge energy reserves, but its energy systems are highly inefficient and unreliable, and thus require urgent reform. However, endemic corruption, discrimination and the strong centralization of power have so far blocked initiatives to reorganize energy supply. The case of Central Asia is uniquely relevant for understanding the informal constraints on energy law and policy. In addition, Central Asian energy insecurity illustrates the impact of geopolitics on the regulation of energy markets. The region is strategically located in Russia's sphere of influence and along China's New Silk Road. Its energy situation highlights the complex interactions amongst energy law, geopolitics and institutions.

The Fetish Revisited

The Fetish Revisited
Author: J. Lorand Matory
Publisher: Duke University Press
Total Pages: 404
Release: 2018-10-04
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1478002433
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Since the early-modern encounter between African and European merchants on the Guinea Coast, European social critics have invoked African gods as metaphors for misplaced value and agency, using the term “fetishism” chiefly to assert the irrationality of their fellow Europeans. Yet, as J. Lorand Matory demonstrates in The Fetish Revisited, Afro-Atlantic gods have a materially embodied social logic of their own, which is no less rational than the social theories of Marx and Freud. Drawing on thirty-six years of fieldwork in Africa, Europe, and the Americas, Matory casts an Afro-Atlantic eye on European theory to show how Marx’s and Freud’s conceptions of the fetish both illuminate and misrepresent Africa’s human-made gods. Through this analysis, the priests, practices, and spirited things of four major Afro-Atlantic religions simultaneously call attention to the culture-specific, materially conditioned, physically embodied, and indeed fetishistic nature of Marx’s and Freud’s theories themselves. Challenging long-held assumptions about the nature of gods and theories, Matory offers a novel perspective on the social roots of these tandem African and European understandings of collective action, while illuminating the relationship of European social theory to the racism suffered by Africans and assimilated Jews alike.

European Identity Revisited

European Identity Revisited
Author: Viktoria Kaina
Publisher: Routledge
Total Pages: 309
Release: 2015-12-14
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 1317502396
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It has been argued that the emergence of a European collective identity would help overcome growing disparity caused by the increasing diversity of today’s European Union, with 28 member states and more than 500 million people. Research on European integration is facing the pressing question of what holds ‘Europe’ together in times of crisis, growing distributional conflict and instability in its neighbourhood. This book departs from the ideas of group cohesion in the EU, and reflects on the newest dynamics and practices of European identity. Whilst applying innovative qualitative, quantitative and experimental research methods and an interdisciplinary approach, this volume looks at a variety of issues such as European citizenship, mobility of European citizens, space-based identities, dual identities, student identity and value-sharing. In doing so, this volume presents new perspectives on this complex and dynamic subject and points to potential solutions both in the academic discourse and the political practice of the EU. This text will be of key interest to scholars and students of European integration, European studies, international relations, citizenship studies, political sociology as well as more broadly in the social sciences.

Maternalism Reconsidered

Maternalism Reconsidered
Author: Marian van der Klein
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Total Pages: 283
Release: 2012
Genre: Family & Relationships
ISBN: 0857454668
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Beginning in the late 19th century, competing ideas about motherhood had a profound impact on the development and implementation of social welfare policies. Calls for programmes aimed at assisting and directing mothers emanated from all quarters of the globe, advanced by states and voluntary organizations, liberals and conservatives, feminists and anti-feminists - a phenomenon that scholars have since termed 'maternalism'. This volume reassesses maternalism by providing critical reflections on prior usages of the concept, and by expanding its meaning to encompass geographical areas, political regimes and cultural concerns that scholars have rarely addressed. From Argentina, Brazil and Mexico City to France, Italy, the Netherlands, the Soviet Ukraine, the United States and Canada, these case studies offer fresh theoretical and historical perspectives within a transnational and comparative framework. As a whole, the volume demonstrates how maternalist ideologies have been employed by state actors, reformers and poor clients, with myriad political and social ramifications.

Mediterranean reconsidered

Mediterranean reconsidered
Author: Mauro Peressini
Publisher: University of Ottawa Press
Total Pages: 282
Release: 2005-01-01
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 1772823732
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This collection of essays re-evaluates existing representations of the Mediterranean, providing a fresh, new and often critical perspective on the cultural, social and political processes that shape this region. Subjects such as; food traditions, music, alterity, and identity from Southern Europe to North Africa and the Middle East are examined.

Normative Power Europe

Normative Power Europe
Author: R. Whitman
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 302
Release: 2011-06-21
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 0230305601
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The notion of Normative Power Europe (NPE) is that the EU is an 'ideational' actor characterised by common principles and acting to diffuse norms within international relations. Contributors assess the impact of NPE and offer new perspectives for the future exploration of one of the most widely used ideas in the study of the EU in the last decade.