A Rational Model of the Closed-end Fund Discount

A Rational Model of the Closed-end Fund Discount
Author: Jonathan B. Berk
Publisher:
Total Pages: 28
Release: 2004
Genre: Capitalists and financiers
ISBN:

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The discount on closed-end funds is widely accepted as proof of investor irrationality. We show,however, that a parsimonious rational model can generate a discount that exhibits many of the characteristics observed in practice. The only required features of the model are that managers have (imperfectly observable) ability to generate excess returns; they sign long-term contracts guaranteeing them a fee each year equal to a fixed fraction of assets under management; and they can leave to earn more money elsewhere if they turn out to be good. With these assumptions, time-varying discounts are not an anomaly in a rational world with competitive investors -- they are required.

Closed-End Fund Discounts in a Rational Agent Economy

Closed-End Fund Discounts in a Rational Agent Economy
Author: Matthew I. Spiegel
Publisher:
Total Pages: 41
Release: 2000
Genre:
ISBN:

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Nearly any standard financial model concludes that two assets with identical cash flows must sell for the same price. Alas, closed-end mutual fund company share prices seem to violate thisfundamental tenant. Even when one considers several standard frictions, such as taxes and agency costs, classical financial models cannot explain the large persistent discounts foundwithin the data. While the standard financial markets model may not explain the existence of large closed-end fund discounts, this paper shows that a rather close version of it does. In anotherwise frictionless market, if asset supplies vary randomly over time and agents posses finite lives a closed-end mutual fund's stock price may not track its net asset value. Furthermore, the analysis provides a number of conditions under which these discrepancies will lead to the existence of systematic discounts for the mutual fund's shares. In addition, the model provides predictions regarding the correlation between current closed-end fund discounts and current changes in stock prices and future changes in corporate productivity. As the analysis shows the same parameter values that lead to systematic discounts also lead to other fund price characteristics that resemble many of the results found within empirical studies.

Closed-End Fund Pricing

Closed-End Fund Pricing
Author: Seth Anderson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 106
Release: 2013-04-17
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1475736339

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Closed-End Investment Companies (CEICs) have experienced a significant revival of interest, both as investment vehicles and as the subject of academic research, over the past decade. This academic research has focused on the nature of closed-end funds' discounts and premiums and on the share price behavior of these firms. The first book by the authors, "Closed-End Investment Companies: Issues and Answers," addresses closed-end fund academic articles published prior to 1991. This second book addresses those articles that have appeared since that time. Closed-End Fund Pricing: Theories and Evidence is designed for the academic researcher interested in CEICs and the practitioner interested in using CEICs as an investment vehicle. The authors summarize the evolution of CEICs, present the factors thought to cause CEIC shares to trade at different levels from their net asset values, provide a complete survey of the recent academic literature on this topic, and summarize the current state of research on CEICs.

The Closed-end Fund Discount

The Closed-end Fund Discount
Author: Elroy Dimson
Publisher:
Total Pages: 84
Release: 2002
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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A Rational Asset Pricing Model for Premiums and Discounts on Closed-End Funds

A Rational Asset Pricing Model for Premiums and Discounts on Closed-End Funds
Author: Robert A. Jarrow
Publisher:
Total Pages: 15
Release: 2017
Genre:
ISBN:

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This paper provides a new explanation for closed-end fund (CEF) discounts and premiums using the local martingale theory of asset price bubbles. This is a rational asset pricing model that is shown to be consistent with the existing empirical evidence on CEF discounts/premiums. Additional testable implications of the model are derived which await subsequent research for their resolution. This bubble theory also applies equally well to understanding discounts and premiums on exchange traded funds (ETFs).

Closed-End Fund Discounts and Premiums

Closed-End Fund Discounts and Premiums
Author: Michael S. Rozeff
Publisher:
Total Pages: 20
Release: 2007
Genre:
ISBN:

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This paper reviews and analyzes five areas relating to closed-end funds. (1) Issues relating to the existence of closed-funds and why rational investors subscribe to new issues of them. A detailed set of model assumptions is examined in order to understand the basis for closed-end funds coming into existence. (2) The time-series properties of discounts. (3) The cross-sectional variation in closed-end fund discounts. (4) Issues of weak and semi-strong form efficiency. (5) Issues relating to the open-ending of closed-end funds.

The Investor's Guide to Closed-end Funds

The Investor's Guide to Closed-end Funds
Author: Thomas J. Herzfeld
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Companies
Total Pages: 232
Release: 1980
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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Asset Pricing

Asset Pricing
Author: B.Philipp Kellerhals
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 247
Release: 2012-11-02
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3540246975

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Covers applications to risky assets traded on the markets for funds, fixed-income products and electricity derivatives. Integrates the latest research and includes a new chapter on financial modeling.

The Closed-End Funds

The Closed-End Funds
Author: Martin Cherkes
Publisher:
Total Pages: 22
Release: 2011
Genre:
ISBN:

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This paper offers a new explanation to the closed-end funds' puzzles. It is driven by two observations: the fact the closed-end fund is a public company with a guaranteed, long-term annual compensation for Fund's entrenched management; and the assumption (acceptable within classical rational-and-efficient-markets paradigm) that management adds value to assets-under-their-management. As a result, the value of the closed end fund's shares is an algebraic sum of assets-under-management plus the [capitalized] value-added by the management minus the [capitalized] value of the costs-of-management. This approach is rich enough to explain several of perceived quot;puzzlesquot;, such as the persistence of discounts, relationship between a Fund's discount and its dividend policy, the zero correlation between discounts and interest rates, and the excess volatility of Fund's share price. It suggests a positive theory of the closed-end fund as an efficiency-driven organizational form of fund management.The paper's arguments are supported by our preliminary empirical study. The approach provides a number of empirically testable hypotheses.