A History Of Taxation And Expenditure In The Western World
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Author | : Carolyn Webber |
Publisher | : Simon & Schuster |
Total Pages | : 760 |
Release | : 1986 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : |
Download A History of Taxation and Expenditure in the Western World Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
In this comprehensive analysis of social systems of taxation and budgeting, the authors provide detailed examples from ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, Greece and Rome, the Middle Ages in Europe, and modern times to show how governments through the ages have raised money and spent it. They examine the two essential activities of government--taxing and spending--against the background of the societies in which they were imbedded and the development of government's administrative capacities. They also argue that government mobilization of resources involves critical human concerns--waging war and providing for the welfare of the people. ISBN 0-671-54617-1: $24.95.
Author | : Stephen Smith |
Publisher | : OUP Oxford |
Total Pages | : 172 |
Release | : 2015-04-23 |
Genre | : Law |
ISBN | : 019150663X |
Download Taxation: A Very Short Introduction Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Taxation is crucial to the functioning of the modern state. Tax revenues pay for public services - roads, the courts, defence, welfare assistance to the poor and elderly, and in many countries much of health care and education too. More than one third of national income in the industrialized (OECD) countries is on average taken in taxation. Taxes affect individuals in many ways. Taxes paid on income and spending directly reduce taxpayer disposable income, taxpayers face the hassle of tax returns and making payments, and they may be anxious about the possibility of investigation and enforcement action. People also adapt their activities in various ways to reduce the impact of taxation - putting money into tax-free savings accounts, or making shopping trips to other countries where taxes are lower. Taxation is therefore central to politics and public debate. Politicians that make reckless campaign promises about taxation then have to live with the uncomfortable consequences if elected. Businesses lobby for tax breaks that they claim will create jobs and prosperity. In this Very Short Introduction Stephen Smith shows how taxes have real effects on citizens and the economy that tax policy-makers have to balance. Although tax policy will always be a highly political issue, he argues that public decisions about taxation would be improved by a better understanding of the role of taxation, and of the nature and effects of different taxes. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
Author | : Mauricio Drelichman |
Publisher | : Princeton University Press |
Total Pages | : 329 |
Release | : 2016-12-13 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 069117377X |
Download Lending to the Borrower from Hell Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
What the loans and defaults of a sixteenth-century Spanish king can tell us about sovereign debt today Why do lenders time and again loan money to sovereign borrowers who promptly go bankrupt? When can this type of lending work? As the United States and many European nations struggle with mountains of debt, historical precedents can offer valuable insights. Lending to the Borrower from Hell looks at one famous case—the debts and defaults of Philip II of Spain. Ruling over one of the largest and most powerful empires in history, King Philip defaulted four times. Yet he never lost access to capital markets and could borrow again within a year or two of each default. Exploring the shrewd reasoning of the lenders who continued to offer money, Mauricio Drelichman and Hans-Joachim Voth analyze the lessons from this important historical example. Using detailed new evidence collected from sixteenth-century archives, Drelichman and Voth examine the incentives and returns of lenders. They provide powerful evidence that in the right situations, lenders not only survive despite defaults—they thrive. Drelichman and Voth also demonstrate that debt markets cope well, despite massive fluctuations in expenditure and revenue, when lending functions like insurance. The authors unearth unique sixteenth-century loan contracts that offered highly effective risk sharing between the king and his lenders, with payment obligations reduced in bad times. A fascinating story of finance and empire, Lending to the Borrower from Hell offers an intelligent model for keeping economies safe in times of sovereign debt crises and defaults.
Author | : Gabriela Inchauste |
Publisher | : World Bank Publications |
Total Pages | : 402 |
Release | : 2017-09-19 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1464810923 |
Download The Distributional Impact of Taxes and Transfers Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
The World Bank has partnered with the Commitment to Equity Institute at Tulane University to implement their diagnostic tool—the Commitment to Equity (CEQ) Assessment—designed to assess how taxation and public expenditures affect income inequality, poverty, and different economic groups. The approach relies on comprehensive fiscal incidence analysis, which measures the contribution of each individual intervention to poverty and inequality reduction as well as the combined impact of taxes and social spending. The CEQ Assessment provide an evidence base upon which alternative reform options can be analyzed. The use of a common methodology makes the results comparable across countries. This volume presents eight country studies that examine the distributional effects of individual programs and policy measures—and the net effect of each country’s mix of policies and programs. These case studies were produced in the context of Bank policy dialogue and have since been used to propose alternative reform options.
Author | : James M. Buchanan |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 464 |
Release | : 1984 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : |
Download Taxation, an International Perspective Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
"Proceedings of an International Symposium on Taxation held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada on August 27-29, 1980"--Verso of t.p. Includes bibliographies and index.
Author | : Will Bateman |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 283 |
Release | : 2020-09-24 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1108478115 |
Download Public Finance and Parliamentary Constitutionalism Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Explores financial aspects of constitutional government, focusing on central banking, sovereign borrowing, taxation and public expenditure.
Author | : Charles Adams |
Publisher | : Rowman & Littlefield |
Total Pages | : 568 |
Release | : 1993 |
Genre | : Taxation |
ISBN | : 0819186317 |
Download For Good and Evil Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Records the impact of taxation on events in world history, from ancient Egypt to the present, and concludes that taxation has been a force that has shaped world history and has had a direct bearing on the civilization process.
Author | : Sebastian Edwards |
Publisher | : University of Chicago Press |
Total Pages | : 427 |
Release | : 2009-02-15 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 0226185036 |
Download The Decline of Latin American Economies Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Latin America’s economic performance is mediocre at best, despite abundant natural resources and flourishing neighbors to the north. The perplexing question of how some of the wealthiest nations in the world in the nineteenth century are now the most crisis-prone has long puzzled economists and historians. The Decline of Latin American Economies examines the reality behind the struggling economies of Argentina, Chile, and Mexico. A distinguished panel of experts argues here that slow growth, rampant protectionism, and rising inflation plagued Latin America for years, where corrupt institutions and political unrest undermined the financial outlook of already besieged economies. Tracing Latin America’s growth and decline through two centuries, this volume illustrates how a once-prosperous continent now lags behind. Of interest to scholars and policymakers alike, it offers new insight into the relationship between political systems and economic development.
Author | : Ajay K. Mehrotra |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 447 |
Release | : 2013-09-30 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1107043921 |
Download Making the Modern American Fiscal State Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Making the Modern American Fiscal State chronicles the rise of the US system of direct and progressive taxation.
Author | : Maria Delgado Coelho |
Publisher | : International Monetary Fund |
Total Pages | : 46 |
Release | : 2021-09-24 |
Genre | : Business & Economics |
ISBN | : 1513596624 |
Download Brazil: Tax Expenditure Rationalization Within Broader Tax Reform Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
The excessive complexity and burden of the Brazilian tax system, riddled by cumulative indirect taxes and heavy payroll contributions, have led to an accumulation of fiscal incentives aimed at reducing its burden on taxpayers and productive activities. Federal and subnational tax expenditures currently stand at over 5 percent of GDP. Rationalizing them can only be comprehensively feasible in the context of a broader sequenced tax reform, and could reduce resource misallocation and income inequality, as well as provide new revenues.