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Excerpt from A Guide to the Study of the Constitutional and Political History of the United States, 1789-1860: Intended as the Basis of a Course of Lectures or of a Course of Private Study The first of the departments to be established was that of For eign Affairs (july 27, 1789. Stat. At L., I. Later in the same session (sept. 15) this department was enlarged so as to embrace certain domestic affairs, and the name changed to Depart ment of State. (stat. At L., I. In addition to diplomatic affairs, the Secretary of State now had charge of the great seal, and of the preserving and promulgating the laws of each session. He is considered the first officer of the cabinet, and is more directly the representative of the President. (hildreth, IV. 102 Schouler, I. 94; Benton's Deb., I. 85, 86, The Department of War was reorganized (aug. 7) nearly on the old footing, the Secretary to'have, moreover, the superintend ence of naval affairs.2 The military establishment consisted of a regiment of infantry and a battalion of artillery; of the old navy not a ship remained afloat. (stat. At L., I. 49; Hild. IV. 104; Schouler, I. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.