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| Author | : Greg Bryan Fry |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 292 |
| Release | : 1997 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Bruno Kolb |
| Publisher | : Wiley-Interscience |
| Total Pages | : 376 |
| Release | : 2006-06-23 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0471914568 |
The only reference to provide both current and thorough coverage of this important analytical technique Static headspace-gas chromatography (HS-GC) is an indispensable technique for analyzing volatile organic compounds, enabling the analyst to assay a variety of sample matrices while avoiding the costly and time-consuming preparation involved with traditional GC. Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography: Theory and Practice has long been the only reference to provide in-depth coverage of this method of analysis. The Second Edition has been thoroughly updated to reflect the most recent developments and practices, and also includes coverage of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and the purge-and-trap technique. Chapters cover: * Principles of static and dynamic headspace analysis, including the evolution of HS-GC methods and regulatory methods using static HS-GC * Basic theory of headspace analysis-physicochemical relationships, sensitivity, and the principles of multiple headspace extraction * HS-GC techniques-vials, cleaning, caps, sample volume, enrichment, and cryogenic techniques * Sample handling * Cryogenic HS-GC * Method development in HS-GC * Nonequilibrium static headspace analysis * Determination of physicochemical functions such as vapor pressures, activity coefficients, and more Comprehensive and focused, Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography, Second Edition provides an excellent resource to help the reader achieve optimal chromatographic results. Practical examples with original data help readers to master determinations in a wide variety of areas, such as forensic, environmental, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications.
| Author | : Michael Edward Miller |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : |
| Release | : 1999 |
| Genre | : Electronic dissertations |
| ISBN | : |
Static headspace sampling was studied to: (1) minimize the effect of a soil's matrix on the analysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes from soils, (2) determine the Henry's law coefficients for various fuel components, (3) compare gas-sampled and solid phase microextraction (SPME)-sampled static headspace, and (4) successfully couple static headspace sampling to high-speed GC. The effects of various matrix modifiers were studied in addition to alternative techniques such as the full evaporation technique, to determine an effective way to eliminate the effect of the matrix on analyte recovery. The full evaporation technique used very high temperatures to force the analytes of interest into the gaseous phase. Using these high temperatures and no matrix modifying solution provided an analysis free of matrix effects. Henry's Law coefficients were determined for several compounds found in reformulated gasolines. This new method relies only on the knowledge of the phase ratio defined by the experimental apparatus. The value obtained for MTBE using the method was in excellent agreement with other literature values, specifically 1.7 M/atm. Other compounds studied included: ETBE, TAME, DIPE, benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene. The comparison of gas-sampled and SPME-sampled static headspace methods when applied to GC-MS analyses was examined for the effectiveness of transferring of volatile components of several juices from sample vial to chromatograph. The results of this study showed the SPME fiber to be approximately 1400 time more effective, owing to the ability of the fiber to concentrate the analytes and transfer them without the need to inject large volumes of inert gas into the instrument. Finally, the coupling of static headspace to high-speed GC allowed the reduction of the analysis time reported in the SPME study by a factor of approximately twenty times, from 75 to just 4 minutes. The sampling system designed used batch equilibration of many samples to enhance the speed of analysis, in conjunction with a sample collection method that used a trapping column to collect the sample which is rapidly transferred from the sample vial to the instrument by a stream of nitrogen.
| Author | : Natalia Dudareva |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 299 |
| Release | : 2006-03-27 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1000611655 |
As with nearly all living creatures, humans have always been attracted and intrigued by floral scents. Yet, while we have been manufacturing perfumes for at least 5000 years to serve a myriad of religious, sexual, and medicinal purposes, until very recently, the limitation of our olfactory faculty has greatly hindered our capacity to clearly and ob
| Author | : Deepak Kumar Verma |
| Publisher | : CRC Press |
| Total Pages | : 217 |
| Release | : 2018-08-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 1351360388 |
With contributions from a broad range of leading researchers, this book focuses on advances and innovations in rice aroma, flavor, and fragrance research. Science and Technology of Aroma, Flavor, and Fragrance in Rice is specially designed to present an abundance of recent research, advances, and innovations in this growing field. Aroma is one of the diagnostic aspects of rice quality that can determine acceptance or rejection of rice before it is tested. Aroma is also considered as an important property of rice that indicates its preferable high quality and price in the market. An assessment of known data reveals that more than 450 chemical compounds have been documented in various aromatic and non-aromatic rice cultivars. The primary goal of research is to identify the compounds responsible for the characteristic rice aroma. Many attempts have been made to search for the key compounds contributing to rice aroma, but any single compound or group of compounds could not reported that are fully responsible. There is no single analytical technique that can be used for investigation of volatile aroma compounds in rice samples although there are currently many technologies available for the extraction of rice volatile aroma compounds. These technologies have been modified from time to time according to need, and many of them are helping the emergence of a new form, particularly in the distillation, extraction, and quantification concept. This new volume helps to fill a void in the research by focusing solely on aroma, flavor, and fragrance of rice, helping to meet an important need in rice research and production. Key features of this volume: • provides an overview of aromatic rice from different countries • looks at traditional extraction methods for chemicals associated with rice aroma, flavor, and fragrance • presents new and modern approaches in extraction of rice aroma chemicals • explores genetic engineering for fragrance in rice
| Author | : Gangfeng Ouyang |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 313 |
| Release | : 2016-11-24 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 366253598X |
This book offers comprehensive information on the developments and applications of the solid phase microextraction (SPME) technique. The first part of the book briefly introduces readers to the fundamentals of SPME, while subsequent sections describe the applications of SPME technique in detail, including environmental analysis (air, water, soil/sediments), food analysis (volatile/nonvolatile compounds), and bioanalysis (plants, animal tissues, body fluids). The advantages and future challenges of the SPME technique are also discussed. Including recent research advances and further developments of SPME, the book offers a practical reference guide and a valuable resource for researchers and users of SPME techniques. The target audience includes analytical chemists, environmental scientists, biological scientists, material scientists, and analysts, as well as students at universities/institutes in related fields. Dr. Gangfeng Ouyang is a Professor at the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, China. Dr. Ruifen Jiang is an Associate Professor at the School of Environment, Jinan University, China.
| Author | : Bruno Kolb |
| Publisher | : Wiley-VCH |
| Total Pages | : 0 |
| Release | : 1997-06-06 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 9780471192381 |
Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography Theory and Practice Bruno Kolb * Leslie S. Ettre Static (equilibrium) headspace-gas chromatography (static HS-GC) offers a reliable, simple, and accurate way to quantitate volatile compounds in liquid and solid matrices. The technique is being used in increasingly more analytical laboratories in a variety of industries because it enables high sample turnaround, automated high-performance GC analysis, and automated and unattended sample clean-up by gas extraction, while avoiding laborious sample preparation. Static Headspace-Gas Chromatography provides the most thorough and current treatment available on this technique. The book covers the theory of headspace sampling as related to selection of the operational parameters, describes quantitative calibration techniques, and presents, and presents detailed methods, all adapted for automation. It includes many examples of proven practical applications-complete with original data-from the most important applications of static HS-GC in environmental analysis, polymers, packaging, pharmaceuticals, and food analysis.
| Author | : American Chemical Society. Meeting |
| Publisher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
| Total Pages | : 228 |
| Release | : 2001-08-31 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0306465612 |
Headspace gas analysis is an analytical technique that has been successfully applied to food flavors for over 20 years but has experienced a resurgence of interest and innovation in recent years. In its truest form, headspace analysis represents the direct collection and analysis of the mixture of vapors in the space immediately above a food or beverage. The technique offers several advantages for workers interested in how a product smells and ultimately tastes. It offers the advantages of speed, simplicity, and, more importantly, represents the aroma profile a consumer is likely to experience just before consuming the product. Since only volatile components are collected, the sample is totally free of nonvolatile residues which commonly plague comparison liquid-liquid extracts of the same product. This is the first book devoted to headspace analysis in foods and beverages in more than 20 years. The publication contains chapters on the basic theory of headspace analysis, as well as the theory and application of newly developed headspace techniques, such as solid phase micro extraction, SPME and electronic noses. New concentrating and desorption techniques are described in addition to a raft of food applications including tomato and citrus juices, alcoholic beverages, baguettes, dairy products, lipids, grill flavoring, baked potato, and meat. Chapters on off-flavors as well as aroma-food matrix interactions are also included. "This is the bible of headspace analysis. If you are involved in, or planning on becoming involved, or want to learn more about, this incredible subject , then buy this book immediately!" – Aubrey Parsons, governing council member, International Union for Food Science and Technology
| Author | : |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 488 |
| Release | : 1997 |
| Genre | : Dissertations, Academic |
| ISBN | : |
"Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".
| Author | : Janusz Pawliszyn |
| Publisher | : Elsevier |
| Total Pages | : 497 |
| Release | : 2011-12-01 |
| Genre | : Science |
| ISBN | : 0123914493 |
The relatively new technique of solid phase microextraction (SPME) is an important tool to prepare samples both in the lab and on-site. SPME is a "green" technology because it eliminates organic solvents from analytical laboratory and can be used in environmental, food and fragrance, and forensic and drug analysis. This handbook offers a thorough background of the theory and practical implementation of SPME. SPME protocols are presented outlining each stage of the method and providing useful tips and potential pitfalls. In addition, devices and fiber coatings, automated SPME systems, SPME method development, and In Vivo applications are discussed. This handbook is essential for its discussion of the latest SPME developments as well as its in depth information on the history, theory, and practical application of the method. Practical application of Solid Phase Microextraction methods including detailed steps Provides history of extraction methods to better understand the process Suitable for all levels, from beginning student to experienced practitioner
