The Relationship Between Racial Microaggressions and Academic Self-Efficacy Among College Students of Color

The Relationship Between Racial Microaggressions and Academic Self-Efficacy Among College Students of Color
Author: Melissa Glenn
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2022
Genre:
ISBN:

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Research suggests that people of color are at-risk of facing racial microaggressions. In the context of schools, students who are recipients of microaggressions have reported either significantly improved or impaired levels of academic self-efficacy. The purpose of this study is to inform school psychologists of potential social influences of academic self-efficacy (i.e., resilience, microaggressions) and how academic self-efficacy may relate to experiencing school-related microaggressions. Specifically, this study examined whether students of color are at-risk of lower academic self-efficacy due to possible experience with microaggressions and whether perceived resilience, community involvement, or family supports moderate the relationship. Freshman students at East Carolina University in Greenville, NC were recruited to participate in this study. Participants of color neither reported significant experiences with microaggressions, nor low levels of academic self-efficacy. Overall, there were no significant differences in academic self-efficacy between White students and students of color, and both group ratings were slightly above average. In addition, students of color reported higher levels of resilience than their White counterparts. However, there were significant associations between perceived resilience and reported experiences of microaggressions. Future researchers should continue to explore influencing factors of resilience and academic self-efficacy in efforts to support college level students of color.

The Relationship Between Racial Microaggressions, Mental Health, and Academic Self-efficacy in Black College Students

The Relationship Between Racial Microaggressions, Mental Health, and Academic Self-efficacy in Black College Students
Author: DeVanté J. Cunningham
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2022
Genre: Academic achievement
ISBN:

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Racial microaggressions are daily, often subtle, verbal, environmental, and behavioral slights and insults targeted at a person or their race. Racial microaggressions can have deleterious effects on the mental health and academic outcomes of Black college students. As research on this relationship increases, it is essential to assess factors that may moderate, or lessen, the impact of racial microaggressions. There is evidence that mentoring, a form of social support, may attune the adverse effects of racial microaggressions on mental health and academic outcomes. The current study explored the relationship between racial microaggressions and mental health and academic outcomes (social anxiety, generalized anxiety, depression, and academic self-efficacy) in Black undergraduate students and assessed if the presence of mentoring moderated this relationship. Results suggest that racial microaggressions have a significant negative impact on mental health outcomes and none on academic self-efficacy. Additionally, while mentoring has a significant positive impact on three outcome variables, it does not operate as a buffer variable for the relationship between racial microaggressions and the study outcomes. As there is a direct relationship but not a buffering one, other factors may better attune the relationship between racial microaggressions and mental health and academic outcomes in Black college students. It also suggests that having a mentor can benefit college students’ mental health and well-being and can be used to offer support to the growing literature on the impact of social support in this population. Further research is needed to examine the potential buffers of the relationship. Given the beneficial impact of mentoring, additional research can further explore the longitudinal effects of mentoring on this population.

Microaggressions Within Higher Education

Microaggressions Within Higher Education
Author: Remya Perinchery
Publisher:
Total Pages: 244
Release: 2018
Genre: College teachers, White
ISBN:

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The purpose of this study was to explore the different kinds of microaggressions that students of color experienced with white faculty, including the process and outcomes of these interactions. Undergraduate students of color face fewer positive outcomes, in comparison to their white peers, such as increased attrition, lower academic self-efficacy, and feeling less connected to their campus (Tinto, 1975; Cabrera et al., 1999; Rankin & Reason, 2005). The relationship between students and faculty has been shown to have a direct impact on student's engagement on campus and their academic self-efficacy (Komarraju, Musulkin, & Battacharya, 2010), thus implying that students of color could benefit from strong relationships with faculty. However, faculty are more likely to have lower expectations of minority students, interact with these students less frequently, and depend on racial stereotypes to develop perspectives on students (e.g., Jussim & Harbor, 2005, Trujillo, 1986, Jussim, Eccles, & Madon, 1996). Participants in this study were recruited from a mid-size Midwestern university from university-based organizations and direct contact with students in various campus locations. Experiences with microaggressions were assessed through a short answer survey, in which participants were asked to recount both a negative incident and a positive incident that involved a faculty member committing or responding to a microaggression. A Grounded Theory approach was used to analyze the data. The emergent themes from this study were categorized in terms of type of incident, proximal outcomes, distal outcomes. Relationships were also examined between the events and outcomes. Participants observed that white faculty did commit microaggressions in the classroom, involving stereotyping, dismissing derogatory comments made by other students, and treating participants differently than their white peers. These microaggressions were typically not noticed by the faculty themselves, and students often did not address them with faculty due to the faculty members' power and influence on participants' grades. However, participants experienced internal cognitive and emotional reactions that led to them feeling a loss of trust and respect for their faculty and institution. Students who experienced classroom microaggressions also experienced a negative impact on their academic performance, as they were less likely to attend class, participate, and seek out the faculty member for academic help after such incidents. These students also reported some positive experiences with other faculty, such as having discussions around diversity or being encouraged to be successful. Participants who experienced such positive interactions felt a stronger connection to faculty and reported that they were motivated and cared more about their coursework. These findings suggest that the interactions between faculty and students of color have an impact on students' relationship with faculty and their academic performance, specifically when they are negative, race-related interactions such as microaggressions.

Racial Discrimination, Academic Self Efficacy, Self Concept, and Students' Academic Success

Racial Discrimination, Academic Self Efficacy, Self Concept, and Students' Academic Success
Author: Kathryn Anne Spuur
Publisher:
Total Pages: 200
Release: 2012
Genre:
ISBN:

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The purpose of this project was to examine the degree to which there is a relationship between racial discrimination and academic self- efficacy and self concept as they relate to student academic success. Through purposive sampling the researcher surveyed 171 current undergraduate and graduate students at California State University, Sacramento. The questionnaire included subscales for racial discrimination, and academic self efficacy and self concept based on a 5 point Likert-type scale. The data was analyzed using PASW to run descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that students of color significantly experience more racial discrimination than White students, t(159)= 5.84, p .05. A significant difference in levels of academic self efficacy and self concept between White and minority students was not found, t(168) = 1.18, p.05. The researcher was interested in whether or not there was a difference in levels of academic self efficacy and self concept between ethnic groups. An independent t-test was run comparing White and African American students, and the results showed a statistically significant difference in the amount of academic self efficacy and self concept, t(78)= 2.32, p .05. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to identify significant correlations between variables. The relationship comparing the racial discrimination section and the academic self efficacy and self concept sections did not show a significant correlation, r (164)= .12, p .05. Significant correlations of questions found between constructs showed weak correlations. Question 2, "teased in school" was significantly correlated with "bounce back after facing disappointment", r (170) = .22, p= .003; "stay optimistic in times of disappointment and success", r (170) = .20, p= .01; and "...positive view of myself", r (171) = .21, p= .01. "Bounce back after facing disappointment..." was significantly correlated with "...pushed, shoved, or hit due to race", r (170) =.21, p= .01. "Teased due to race" showed a weak to moderate significant correlation with "...consider myself to be a leader", r (171) = .31, p= .00. With this sample it does not appear that experiencing racial discrimination affected levels of academic self efficacy and self concept negatively, and may have contributed to greater levels of academic self efficacy and self concept within ethnic groups.

The Relationship Between Racial Microaggression and Mental Health Outcomes Among African American College Students

The Relationship Between Racial Microaggression and Mental Health Outcomes Among African American College Students
Author: Nancy M. Nealious
Publisher:
Total Pages: 194
Release: 2016
Genre: Adjustment (Psychology)
ISBN:

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Racial microaggressions are subtle verbal, behavioral, and environmental racial slights occurring in the everyday lives of minorities that are frequently associated with negative mental health outcomes (e.g., depression, anxiety). This study explored the potential buffering and explicative effects of Black racial identity and spirituality on the mental health outcomes (psychological well-being and coping) of African American undergraduate and graduate students who experienced racial microaggressions. Results of the study found that five of the six subtypes of racial microaggressions, excluding Denial of Individual Racism, were negatively correlated with an Acceptance form of coping, while racial microaggression subtypes Ascription of Intelligence, Assumption of Criminality, and Assumed Superiority of White Culture were positively correlated with Negative Affect. Spirituality was not found to act as a buffer. However, the racial identity profile Pre-encounter Self-Hate (PSH) was found to mediate the relationship between the racial microaggression subtype Myth of Meritocracy and Negative Affect. Women utilized self-distraction to cope with racial microaggressions more than their male counterparts. Overall, this study draws attention to specific racial microaggression subtypes that are particularly salient for Black students in higher education. Findings also suggest further research to understand (1) the impact of microaggressions on Black graduate students and (2) possible protective factors for Black students at Christian Colleges who experience racial microaggressions. Keywords: racial microaggressions, racial identity, mental health, Black American.

Exploring the Relationship Between Racial Identity, Microaggressions, and Academic Outcomes Among African American Students in the Classrooms of a Predominantly White Campus

Exploring the Relationship Between Racial Identity, Microaggressions, and Academic Outcomes Among African American Students in the Classrooms of a Predominantly White Campus
Author: Andrea M. Fernandez
Publisher:
Total Pages: 157
Release: 2014
Genre: Academic achievement
ISBN:

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"The overt nature of racism in the United States has morphed into an insidious, covert manifestation called racial microaggression (Pierce, Carew, Pierce-Gonzalez, & Wills, 1978; Sue, Capodilupo, et al., 2007). Though not often intentional in nature, these microaggressive behaviors have become pervasive in the lives of people of color (Sue, 2010; Sue, Capodilupo, et al., 2007). Extant research reveals the harmful and cumulative effects of racial microaggressions (Sue, Nadal, et al., 2008). Researchers have also found a link between the experiences of African American students and negative psychological, health, and educational outcomes (Solórzano, Ceja, & Yosso, 2000; Sue, 2010; Watkins, Labarrie, & Appio, 2010). Much research has been done on people of color's experiences with racial microaggressions; however, few studies have given attention to why some African American college students are able to excel in microaggressive academic environments while others do not. The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent African American students at a predominantly White institution experience racial microaggression in the classroom as well as the frequency with which various types of microaggressions are encountered. A secondary purpose was to identify if there is a relationship between microaggressive encounters and academic outcomes. The final purpose was to explore whether racial identity status moderates the relationship between microaggressions and academic outcomes. Forty-seven undergraduate students participated in this study. Results indicated that students' backgrounds impact how they handle microaggressive behaviors. Implications of the findings are presented and suggestions or future research are provided."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.

The Influence of Social Status and Racial Discrimination on Students of Color's Self-regulated Learning and Persistence Intentions

The Influence of Social Status and Racial Discrimination on Students of Color's Self-regulated Learning and Persistence Intentions
Author: Pa Her
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN:

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Each year thousands of students of color enter colleges and universities with the goal of completing a four-year degree. Many are faced with challenges and barriers that prevent them from being able to accomplish their goal of finishing school (Allen, 1999; Fischer, 2007). Some of these challenges are background variables like race/ethnicity or social status (Lent et al., 1994; Fouad & Brown, 2000). Other challenges are problems that students encounter on college campuses like racial discrimination (Fischer, 2007). Together, these challenges may impact student confidence in their ability to regulate their learning during college and thus impact their ability to complete school. This study takes a Social Cognitive Career Theory approach using its newest model, the Career Self-Management model, to understand the process by which background variables impact students of color's self-efficacy in their self-regulated learning and thus overall impact in their persistence intentions. As hypothesized, findings revealed that students' perceived social status related positively to self-efficacy for self-regulated learning, that increased experiences of racism related negatively to self-efficacy for self-regulated learning, and that self-efficacy for self-regulated learning related positively to student of colors' intentions to persist in college. Further, as hypothesized, self-efficacy for self-regulated learning mediated the relationship between perceived social status and persistence intentions. Lastly, SEM analyses provided support for the use of the SCCT-CSM model with students of color. Limitations of the current study are discussed. Implications and future directions for practice and research are presented.

Examining Academic Self-efficacy, Race-related Stress, Psychological Well-being, and Racial Centrality on Black Former Undergraduate Historically Black College Students Currently Enrolled in Graduate Predominantly White Institutions

Examining Academic Self-efficacy, Race-related Stress, Psychological Well-being, and Racial Centrality on Black Former Undergraduate Historically Black College Students Currently Enrolled in Graduate Predominantly White Institutions
Author: Maime Butler
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2022
Genre: Academic achievement
ISBN:

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among racial centrality, racerelated stress, and psychological well-being on academic self-efficacy for Black former undergraduate HBCU and PWI students currently attending PWI graduate institutions. The following measures were used to test the research questions (a) a demographic questionnaire, (b) Mental Health Inventory (MHI; Viet & Ware, 1983), (c) Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity – Racial Centrality Scale (MIBI; Sellers, 1998), (d) Inventory of Race-Related Stress- Brief Version (IRRS-B Utsey, 1999), (e) Graduate Education Self-Efficacy Scale (GESES; Williams, 2005). There were 200 participants, 74 former HBCU graduates and 126 former PWI graduates from undergraduate institutions. ANOVAs, hierarchical multiple regressions, and canonical correlations were used. The findings indicate Black HBCU students had higher levels of racial centrality than those from PWIs. Racial centrality had a positive and significant relationship with race-related stress and psychological well-being. High racial centrality predicted high psychological well-being and high academic self-efficacy, while high race-related stress predicted low psychological well-being and academic self-efficacy. The findings differed from former HBCU students and former PWI students suggesting a need for continued research. This study highlights the fact that HBCUs matter in promoting positive wellbeing, academic performance, centrality, and other protective factors. PWIs can also build programs based on monitoring, assessing, and hearing out current Black graduate students from former HBCUs.