The Refinement Of Drivers Visibility Needs During Wet Night Conditions
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Author | : Ronald B. Gibbons |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 61 |
Release | : 2011 |
Genre | : Road markings |
ISBN | : |
Download The Refinement of Drivers' Visibility Needs During Wet Night Conditions Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
The purpose of this project was to develop a specification for the minimum retroreflectivity of pavement markings in wet nighttime conditions. In order to establish this specification, the performance of four retroreflective pavement marking materials in wet-night conditions was evaluated. The performance of the pavement markings was evaluated by driver participants under simulated rain conditions using a similar protocol to studies that have already been performed at the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. The performance of the markings was verified based on the participants' ability to detect the end points of the markings in both rainy and clear conditions. The conclusions from this investigation indicate the following: The materials developed over recent years show an improved performance over those tested previously. These materials provide adequate performance through improved technology and performance. The log-linear relationship found previously is functional for the data provided. Two models were developed. The model with no intercept provides a more constrictive boundary at low levels of retroreflectivity. A retroreflectivity value above 250 mcd/m2/lx provides limited return in terms of detection distance. A specification limit of 150 mcd/m2/lx will provide adequate visibility for 55 mph in dry conditions and 40 mph in wet conditions using standard dry retroreflectivity measurements, and 1 in/hr measurements for the wet conditions. This value should be the minimum maintained over the life of the marking. The retroreflectivity specification for a white and a yellow material should be equal. The rumble stripe showed a significant recovery time improvement over the other tested materials. This study recommends a minimum retroreflectivity of 150 mcd/m2/1x for white and yellow pavement markings in both dry and wet nighttime conditions. This level provides the Virginia Department of Transportation with the basis for establishing a performance-based specification for pavement markings.
Author | : United States. Federal Highway Administration. Offices of Research and Development |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 540 |
Release | : 1978 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : |
Download Report No. FHWA-RD. Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Author | : Ronald Bruce Gibbons |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 72 |
Release | : 2006 |
Genre | : Automobile driving at night |
ISBN | : |
Download Pavement Marking Visibility Requirements During Wet Night Conditions Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
This study investigated the performance of pavement markings in wet night conditions. Typically, performance will decrease in wet conditions. The degradation is a result of flooding of the marking optics and a change in the optical media, thereby reducing retroreflectivity and the visibility distance. Several technologies are available to improve the visibility of markings under wet conditions. This study used four technologies and evaluated them in a dynamic situation. In the experiment, vehicles were driven by older participants and visibility was measured based on the detection distances of the beginning or ending of a continuous edge marking. The results indicate that a specifically designed wet retroreflective tape performed better than the currently used paint and glass bead technology. Paint with large glass beads and profiled thermoplastics also showed an improvement over the standard paint and glass bead technology. A relationship between retroreflectivity and the detection distance was found, which was used to postulate a minimum required value for visibility during wet night conditions. A value of 200 mcd/m2/lx appears to provide a reasonable detection distance for a minimum performance requirement.
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 2 |
Release | : 2009 |
Genre | : Automobile driving at night |
ISBN | : |
Download Seeing in the Dark Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 94 |
Release | : 1998 |
Genre | : Highway-railroad grade crossings |
ISBN | : |
Download Traffic Control Devices, Visibility, and Rail-highway Grade Crossings Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 594 |
Release | : 1974 |
Genre | : Air travel |
ISBN | : |
Download Transportation Research Record Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Author | : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 1830 |
Release | : 2002 |
Genre | : United States |
ISBN | : |
Download Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2003: 2003 budget justifications Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Author | : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Dept. of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 1836 |
Release | : 2002 |
Genre | : United States |
ISBN | : |
Download Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2003 Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Author | : |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 230 |
Release | : 2008 |
Genre | : Highway research |
ISBN | : |
Download Public Roads Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Author | : United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 870 |
Release | : 1977 |
Genre | : Automobiles |
ISBN | : |
Download A Subject Bibliography from Highway Safety Literature Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle