SUMO Regulation of Cellular Processes

SUMO Regulation of Cellular Processes
Author: Van G. Wilson
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 413
Release: 2017-02-13
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 3319500449
GET BOOK

Download SUMO Regulation of Cellular Processes Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

This is the second edition of a very well received book that details how the sumoylation system functions and how it modulates numerous cellular activities. SUMO is a post-translational modifier in the ubiquitin super-family that has gained recognition over the last twenty years as an essential and prevalent regulatory molecule. Individual chapters explore the biochemistry, molecular biology, and cell biology of the sumoylation system and its substrate proteins. The book is divided into three themed parts: Molecular Functions (I), Cell Growth Regulation (II), and Diseases (III). Parts I and II focus on the contribution of sumoylation to cellular activities in both the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. The nuclear activities covered include nucleic acid metabolism (both RNA and DNA), chromosome structure and replication, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. Cytoplasmic processes presented include regulation of membrane ion channels, general metabolism, and apoptotic signalling. Topics in Part III include the role of sumoylation in developmental abnormalities (craniofacial and cardiovascular), diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and infections with viruses and bacteria. Each of the corresponding chapter authors is an active researcher who has made significant contributions to understanding sumoylation. This second edition provides updates and revisions to most of the original chapters plus adds six new chapters to address important developing areas of sumoylation research. This volume is intended for a scientific audience from undergraduates to independent researchers. The content will serve as both a solid introduction for the novice reader and an in depth treatment for the advanced scholar.

SUMO

SUMO
Author: Manuel S. Rodriguez
Publisher: Humana
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2016-09-08
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781493963560
GET BOOK

Download SUMO Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

This volume explores various methodologies to study biochemical, molecular, and cellular biology aspects of some processes regulated by protein SUMOylation. SUMO: Methods and Protocols is organized into four parts, and starts with an historical overview on protein SUMOylation and a presentation of the methods included in the book. The first part also includes a review on chromatin regulation by dynamic SUMO modifications. The second part focuses on in vitro techniques, including biochemical methods to study mechanistic aspects of protein SUMOylation. The third part includes protocols to be used with cell cultures, which often are the first approaches used in most laboratories. The final part includes methodologies adapted for the analysis in vivo using distinct model organisms. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include a brief introduction to the subject, a list of necessary materials and reagents, a step-by-step reproducible laboratory protocol ending with a Notes section on troubleshooting tips, and tips and strategies to avoid known pitfalls. Unique and cutting-edge, SUMO: Methods and Protocols provides a comprehensive source of protocols for specialists and researchers not familiar with this vital system.

SUMO-1 Mapping in the Human Genome Andits Implications for Transcription Control

SUMO-1 Mapping in the Human Genome Andits Implications for Transcription Control
Author: Hui-Wen Liu
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2014
Genre:
ISBN:
GET BOOK

Download SUMO-1 Mapping in the Human Genome Andits Implications for Transcription Control Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

SUMOylation, a post-translational modification with SUMO proteins covalently conjugated to a variety of proteins, regulates a range of cellular processes, including cell proliferation and maintenance of genome stability. In this study, we investigated how SUMO-1 functions as a chromatin mark on the human genome during cell cycle progression by ChIP-seq approach. Surprisingly, despite the known repressive role of SUMOylation on histones, we found that SUMO-1 localizes to the promoters of constitutively active genes involved in protein translation and proliferation during interphase. For example, ribosomal protein genes; and SUMO-1 marks on these promoters were absent during mitosis. In addition, SUMO-1 association on the promoters recruits RNAPII, and depletion of SUMO-1 leads to down regulation of those ribosomal protein genes, suggesting a positive role of SUMO-1 in gene activation. To further elucidate how SUMOylation regulates transcription process related to protein synthesis, we identified that SUMO-1 marks the promoters via the Scaffold Associated Factor B (SAFB) protein. The results showed that SAFB is SUMOylated, and depletion of SAFB caused the decrease of SUMO-1 marks on the promoters of those housekeeping genes transcribed by RNAPII. In addition, depletion of SAFB decreased the splicing of the mRNAs and disrupted the organization of Cajal body, which is important for snRNP and snoRNP biogenesis. All these findings suggested that SUMOylation plays an important role in the regulatory process for transcription initiation and splicing of mRNA of ribosomal protein genes.

Characterization and Profiling of the SUMO Conjugation Pathway in Populus

Characterization and Profiling of the SUMO Conjugation Pathway in Populus
Author: Jon-Michael Reed
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2005
Genre:
ISBN:
GET BOOK

Download Characterization and Profiling of the SUMO Conjugation Pathway in Populus Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

ABSTRACT: Covalent attachment of the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) to proteins in eukaryotic cells has been demonstrated to be an important step in the regulation of a wide variety of cellular processes. Such processes include transcriptional regulation, mediating DNA/protein interaction, and increasing protein stability by interfering with the ubiquitin conjugation pathway in some cases. While much work has been done to characterize the SUMO pathway in yeast, insect, and mammalian systems, relatively little is known about the roles that SUMO conjugation plays in plants. In this study, I make use of the Populus model system to investigate the gene structures of the various family members of the SUMO pathway in plants, as well as demonstrate that the pathway is active in a number of tissue types. Additionally, we show that the SUMOylation is inducible through acute stress treatments such as desiccation, heat shock, and peroxide application. To further our understanding of the SUMOylation process, I have set out to identify SUMO-conjugated proteins from heat shock treated tissues through a multi-step purification process.

SUMOylation and Ubiquitination

SUMOylation and Ubiquitination
Author: Van G. Wilson
Publisher:
Total Pages: 512
Release: 2019-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781912530120
GET BOOK

Download SUMOylation and Ubiquitination Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Most proteins undergo post-translational modifications altering physical and chemical properties, folding, conformation distribution, stability, activity and function. Ubiquitin and SUMOs are related small proteins that are members of the large ubiquitin superfamily of post-translational modifiers. Written by highly respected leaders in their fields under the expert guidance of the editor, this volume covers the principles of ubiquitination and SUMOylation, presents detailed reviews of current and emerging concepts and highlights new advances in all areas of SUMOylation and ubiquitination. Topics of note include: the ubiquitin superfamily, the ubiquitin toolbox, onco viral exploitation of the SUMO system, small molecule modulators of desumoylation, mass spectrometry, global proteomic profiling of SUMO and ubiquitin, biotin-based approaches, genetic screening, SUMOylation networks in humans, targets for ubiquitin ligases, regulation of p53, protein homeostasis, miRNAs, DNA replication, DNA damage response, telomere biology, intracellular trafficking, regulation of angiogenesis, brain ischemia, autophagy, assembly and activity, antiviral defense, HIV infection, amyloid and amyloid-like proteins, plant immunity. This comprehensive and up-to-date book is the definitive reference volume on all aspects of SUMOylation and ubiquitination and is an essential acquisition for anyone involved in this area of biology.

Investigating the Role of 14-3-3[zeta] SUMOylation

Investigating the Role of 14-3-3[zeta] SUMOylation
Author: Hoang Anh Phuc Nguyen
Publisher:
Total Pages: 39
Release: 2013
Genre:
ISBN:
GET BOOK

Download Investigating the Role of 14-3-3[zeta] SUMOylation Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

SUMO modification is involved in several cellular processes such as signal transduction, cell division, and regulation of protein subcellular localization, specifically including Ras signaling and protein nuclear import/export. Previous studies have demonstrated that 14-3-3[zeta], which is thought to have functions in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, is a SUMOylated protein and is required for Ras signaling. I have therefore sought to determine whether or not the SUMOylation of 14-3-3[zeta] promotes or inhibits its localization to the nucleus. Subcellular fractionation experiments fail to reveal a detectable change in the overall ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic 14-3-3[zeta] upon knockdown of SUMO by RNAi in cultured Drosophila cells. However, immunofluorescence studies suggest that nuclear localization of this protein may increase in a subset of the SUMO knockdown cells.

mRNA Processing and Metabolism

mRNA Processing and Metabolism
Author: Daniel R. Schoenberg
Publisher: Humana
Total Pages: 270
Release: 2004-02-05
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781588292254
GET BOOK

Download mRNA Processing and Metabolism Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Cells possess a wealth of posttranscriptional control mechanisms that impact on every conceivable aspect of the life of an mRNA. These processes are intimately intertwined in an almost baroque manner, where promoter context influences the recruitment of splicing factors, where the majority of pre-mRNAs undergo alternative splicing, and where proteins deposited during nuclear processing impact distal cytoplasmic processing, translation, and decay. If there is a unifying theme to mRNA Processing and Metabolism: Methods and Protocols, it is that mRNA processing and metabolism are integrated processes. Many of the techniques used to study mRNA have been described in a previous volume of this series (RNA–Protein Interaction Protocols, Susan Haynes, ed.) and specialized methods journals. In selecting topics for mRNA Processing and Metabolism: Methods and Protocols, I sought input on new and novel techniques and approaches that build on this foundation using technological advances in microscopy, whole genome sequencing, microarrays, mass spectrometry, fluorescent detection methodologies, and RNA interference. I have tried not to bias this book toward any single model organism, and approaches described in the various chapters use yeast, Drosophila, Xenopus, mice, plants, and cultured mammalian cells.

Human Herpesviruses

Human Herpesviruses
Author: Ann Arvin
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 1325
Release: 2007-08-16
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 1139461648
GET BOOK

Download Human Herpesviruses Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.

SUMO Protocols

SUMO Protocols
Author: Helle Ulrich
Publisher: Humana Press
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2008-10-23
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781934115800
GET BOOK

Download SUMO Protocols Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Post-translational protein modifications by members of the ubiquitin family are widely recognized as important regulatory control systems for a variety of biological pathways. Their influence on eukaryotic cellular metabolism is comparable to that of other modifi- tions such as phosphorylation, acetylation and methylation. The small ubiquitin-related modifier SUMO uses a conjugation and de-conjugation system closely related to that of ubiquitin itself; yet, the functions of the SUMO system are highly diverse and largely independent of the ubiquitin system. SUMO modification controls the activity of tr- scription factors and can influence protein stability, but it also contributes to nucleo-cy- plasmic transport, chromosome segregation and DNA damage repair. As a consequence, the SUMO system pervades virtually all areas of basic molecular and cell biology, and scientists from different backgrounds, including medical researchers, are likely to enco- ter SUMO in the course of their studies. This volume, SUMO Protocols, therefore aims at presenting a collection of methods relevant to SUMO research in order to make these tools available to biochemists, molecular and cell biologists as well as research-oriented clinicians not yet familiar with the system. In contrast to the ubiquitin system, which has been the subject of several reviews and methods collections, no practical compendium entirely devoted to SUMO has been p- lished.

Co- and Post-Translational Modifications of Therapeutic Antibodies and Proteins

Co- and Post-Translational Modifications of Therapeutic Antibodies and Proteins
Author: T. Shantha Raju
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 304
Release: 2019-03-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 111905334X
GET BOOK

Download Co- and Post-Translational Modifications of Therapeutic Antibodies and Proteins Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

A Comprehensive Guide to Crucial Attributes of Therapeutic Proteins in Biological Pharmaceuticals With this book, Dr. Raju offers a valuable resource for professionals involved in research and development of biopharmaceutical and biosimilar drugs. This is a highly relevant work, as medical practitioners have increasingly turned to biopharmaceutical medicines in their search for safe and reliable treatments for complex diseases, while pharmaceutical researchers seek to expand the availability of biopharmaceuticals and create more affordable biosimilar alternatives. Readers receive a thorough overview of the major co-translational modifications (CTMs) and post-translational modifications (PTMs) of therapeutic proteins relevant to the development of biotherapeutics. The majority of chapters detail individual CTMs and PTMs that may affect the physicochemical, biochemical, biological, pharmacokinetic, immunological, toxicological etc. properties of proteins. In addition, readers are guided on the methodology necessary to analyze and characterize these modifications. Thus, readers gain not only an understanding of CTMs/PTMs, but also the ability to design and assess their own structure-function studies for experimental molecules. Specific features and topics include: Discussion of the research behind and expansion of biopharmaceuticals Twenty chapters detailing relevant CTMs and PTMs of proteins, such as glycosylation, oxidation, phosphorylation, methylation, proteolysis, etc. Each chapter offers an introduction and guide to the mechanisms and biological significance of an individual CTM or PTM, including practical guidance for experiment design and analysis An appendix of biologic pharmaceuticals currently on the market, along with an assessment of their PTMs and overall safety and efficacy This volume will prove a key reference on the shelves of industry and academic researchers involved in the study and development of biochemistry, molecular biology, biopharmaceuticals and proteins in medicine, particularly as biopharmaceuticals and biosimilars become ever more prominent tools in the field of healthcare.