NASA missions have given the world extraordinary new knowledge about our planet and the universe. Sometimes, they have even challenged what we think we know. Along the way, the technologies and capabilities we have developed to enable those missions have transformed life on Earth. Since its founding in 1958, NASA, along with its contractors and partners, has developed a vast amount of innovative technology that has been adapted by industry and shared with the general public for everyday use. This technology can be found in virtually every civilian and military aircraft, in sensors for air quality, in breakthroughs to help the medical community better treat illness, and in new materials that keep our law enforcement professionals, military personnel, and first responders safe. In this publication, NASA highlights some of the most recent of these societal benefits and encourages potential partners to take full advantage of the national resources generated by our aeronautics and space missions. NASA will continue to pursue the practical use of our research, focusing on the benefits this work offers the Nation. As we move into a new era of human and robotic spaceflight and develop the capabilities required to reach new destinations and technologies to improve human health for long-duration spaceflight, the pace and diversity of our spinoffs and their societal benefit will continue at a rapid rate. As you leaf through these pages highlighting the latest advancements in Earth science, weather prediction, and environmentally friendly aircraft, you will see the dedication to our founding charter, the Space Act of 1958. That historic legislation and the amendments to it, over the years, call on NASA to preserve American leadership in aerospace science and technology, cooperate with other nations, continue to expand human knowledge, and pursue the practical benefits gained from the Agency's research. At NASA, the spinoff concept is not just a legislative mandate, it is what we do-a way of translating the technologies of our air and space missions into societal benefits for people everywhere. This book is a testament to how we are doing that in very concrete ways. Among the spinoffs from this year that you can read about in greater detail are: * Time-saving software derived from a suite of NASA invented tools for improving the efficiency of air traffic control, now allowing commercial airlines to take the most direct possible flight paths and potentially save millions of gallons of fuel each year. * A health and fitness monitoring technology rendered into a simple strap or even a t-shirt, capable of measuring and recording the vital signs of soldiers, first responders, professional athletes, and consumers seeking to get in shape-developed with help from NASA physiologists. * A manufacturing process, devised for fabricating unique components for NASA deep space science missions, that now creates enabling parts for advanced medical imaging machines and gas turbine engines at a greatly reduced cost. * Fire suppression systems that incorporate the features of a NASA-derived rocket design into a powerful tool that firefighters can use to safely snuff out a threatening blaze in seconds-even tackling wildfires in rugged conditions. * A new class of GPS navigation receivers that provide not only positioning capabilities for commercial satellites, but a unique means of collecting scientific data for weather forecasting and studies of our changing climate. * Coal gasification technology, developed with expertise gained from the design of rocket engines such as the Space Shuttle Main Engines, that can provide a 10-percent reduction in carbon emissions compared to conventional gasification plants, which are already the cleanest coal-based power systems available. These new plants can be built at a cost 10-20 percent less than existing options.