Roles and Functions of ROS and RNS in Cellular Physiology and Pathology

Roles and Functions of ROS and RNS in Cellular Physiology and Pathology
Author: Neven Zarkovic
Publisher: Mdpi AG
Total Pages: 230
Release: 2020-04-21
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9783039287826
GET BOOK

Download Roles and Functions of ROS and RNS in Cellular Physiology and Pathology Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Our common knowledge on oxidative stress has evolved substantially over the years and has been mostly focused on the fundamental chemical reactions and the most relevant chemical species involved in the human pathophysiology of oxidative stress-associated diseases. Thus, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) were identified as the key players initiating, mediating, and regulating the cellular and biochemical complexity of oxidative stress either as physiological (acting pro-hormetic) or as pathogenic (causing destructive vicious circle) process. The papers published in this particular Special Issue of the Cells demonstrate the impressive pathophysiological relevance of ROS and RNS in a range of contexts, including the relevance of second messengers of free radicals like 4-hydroxynonenal, allowing us to assume that even more detailed mechanisms of their positive and negative effects lie in wait, and should assist in better monitoring of the major modern diseases and the development of advanced integrative biomedicine treatments.

Physiological and Pathological Role of ROS: Benefits and Limitations of Antioxidant Treatment

Physiological and Pathological Role of ROS: Benefits and Limitations of Antioxidant Treatment
Author: Sergio Di Meo
Publisher: MDPI
Total Pages: 236
Release: 2021-01-21
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3039362828
GET BOOK

Download Physiological and Pathological Role of ROS: Benefits and Limitations of Antioxidant Treatment Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

ROS were long considered one of the key players in tissue injury. Indeed, overproduction of ROS results in oxidative stress, a process leading to the development of many pathological conditions. For the treatment of these conditions, the use of antioxidants was proposed. Over time, it was shown that ROS at low concentrations act as signaling molecules, leading to the regulation of physiological functions. Moreover, several interventions that increase ROS generation activate stress-adaptive responses that extend the lifespan. It was also shown that excessive use of antioxidants can counter the beneficial effects of ROS. Currently, much progress has been made in understanding the role of ROS in human diseases and aging, as well as in the regulation of physiological functions, and in identifying the signaling pathways involved in ROS. However, much remains to be understood about the mutual interactions among signaling pathways underlying organisms’ adaptive responses, their modifications (which occur during aging), and some disease states. The aim of this Special Issue is to underline the effects of ROS production and antioxidant treatment in living organisms, focusing on their impact on health, disease, and aging.

New Paradigms in Cellular Physiology and Pathology

New Paradigms in Cellular Physiology and Pathology
Author: Christopher Shelley
Publisher: American Medical Publishers
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023-09-19
Genre: Medical
ISBN:
GET BOOK

Download New Paradigms in Cellular Physiology and Pathology Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. Cell physiology refers to the biological study of the various processes that take place in the cell, which keep it alive. In living systems, free radicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play a crucial role in regulating a wide range of cell activities such as autophagy, metabolism, growth and development, solute transport, programmed cell death, and stress responses. Furthermore, ROS and RNS can damage tissues through oxidative stress and tissue dysfunction, and they can also act as molecular messengers for stress responses that are advantageous to the organism. Cellular pathology on the other hand, studies the diseases that occur in the cells, tissues and organs. The primary diagnostic tests that are utilized in cell pathology include cytopathology and histopathology. This book provides an insight into the new paradigms in the research on cellular physiology and pathology. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and post graduate students.

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Living Cells

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Living Cells
Author: Filip Cristiana
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 218
Release: 2018-05-23
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1789231345
GET BOOK

Download Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Living Cells Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Oxygen represents only 20% of the Earth's atmosphere, yet it is vital for the survival of aerobic organisms. There is a dark part of the use of oxygen that consists in generating reactive species that are potentially harmful to living organisms. Moreover, reactive oxygen species can combine with nitrogen derivatives and generate many other reactive species. Thus, living organisms are continuously assaulted by reactive species from external or internal sources. However, the real danger comes in the case of high concentrations and prolonged exposure to these species. This book presents an image of the mechanisms of action of reactive species and emphasizes their involvement in diseases. Inflammation and cancer are examined to determine when and how reactive species turn the evolution of a benign process to a malignant one. Some answers may come from recent studies indicating that reactive species are responsible for epigenetic changes.

Advances in Mitochondrial Medicine

Advances in Mitochondrial Medicine
Author: Roberto Scatena
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 459
Release: 2012-03-08
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9400728697
GET BOOK

Download Advances in Mitochondrial Medicine Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Mitochondria are far more than the “powerhouse” of the cell as they have classically been described. In fact, mitochondria biological activities have progressively expanded to include not only various bioenergetic processes but also important biosynthetic pathways, calcium homeostasis and thermogenesis, cell death by apoptosis, several different signal transduction pathways mainly related to redox control of gene expression and so on. This functional and structural complexity may undergo important derangements so to justify the definition of ‘mitochondrial medicine’, which should include all the clinical consequences of congenital or acquired mitochondrial dysfunctions. There are actually a growing number of studies which assign a significant pathogenic role to damaged mitochondria in different diseases: ischemia/reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer with its dramatic sequelae (i.e, metastasis), metabolic syndrome, hyperlipidemias, just to mention a few of the most important pathologies. In this context, a further aspect that should not be disregarded is the interaction of pharmacological agents with mitochondria, not only in regard of the toxicological aspects but, above all, of the potential therapeutic applications. In fact, it is interesting to note that, while the properties of different so-called “mitoxicants” are well-known, the subtle linkages between drugs and mitochondria is still in need of a real pharmacological and therapeutic control at the clinical level. This lack of consideration can often lead to an underestimation of unwanted toxic effects but also of desirable therapeutic activities. A reevaluation of the potential clinical role of mitochondria could give a new light on some yet obscure aspects of human pathophysiology.

Physiological and Pathological Role of ROS: Benefits and Limitations of Antioxidant Treatment

Physiological and Pathological Role of ROS: Benefits and Limitations of Antioxidant Treatment
Author: Sergio Di Meo
Publisher:
Total Pages: 236
Release: 2020
Genre:
ISBN: 9783039362837
GET BOOK

Download Physiological and Pathological Role of ROS: Benefits and Limitations of Antioxidant Treatment Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

ROS were long considered one of the key players in tissue injury. Indeed, overproduction of ROS results in oxidative stress, a process leading to the development of many pathological conditions. For the treatment of these conditions, the use of antioxidants was proposed. Over time, it was shown that ROS at low concentrations act as signaling molecules, leading to the regulation of physiological functions. Moreover, several interventions that increase ROS generation activate stress-adaptive responses that extend the lifespan. It was also shown that excessive use of antioxidants can counter the beneficial effects of ROS. Currently, much progress has been made in understanding the role of ROS in human diseases and aging, as well as in the regulation of physiological functions, and in identifying the signaling pathways involved in ROS. However, much remains to be understood about the mutual interactions among signaling pathways underlying organisms' adaptive responses, their modifications (which occur during aging), and some disease states. The aim of this Special Issue is to underline the effects of ROS production and antioxidant treatment in living organisms, focusing on their impact on health, disease, and aging.

Novel Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Oxidative Stress

Novel Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Oxidative Stress
Author: Pawan Kumar Maurya
Publisher: Academic Press
Total Pages: 294
Release: 2022-02-18
Genre: Science
ISBN: 032390906X
GET BOOK

Download Novel Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Oxidative Stress Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Novel Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Oxidative Stress investigates the role of oxidative stress in disease and explores the latest methods and approaches to targeting oxidative stress for treatment and diagnosis. The book begins with an introduction to oxidative stress and its significance. Subsequent sections cover biochemical methods for detecting free radicals and novel therapeutic approaches for targeting oxidative stress in a number of different diseases. This includes age-related illnesses, neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Novel approaches for targeting oxidative stress in cancer and cardiovascular diseases are also explored. The book then moves on to discuss advances in drug delivery systems and detecting oxidative stress biomarkers using biosensors. It concludes with case studies that illustrate the targeting of oxidative stress and future perspectives. Explores oxidative stress in a variety of diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, age-related diseases, and cancer Covers a range of therapeutic approaches to target oxidative stress Includes chapters on the application of novel drug delivery systems and diagnostic biosensors to oxidative stress Features case studies illustrating the targeting of oxidative stress

Measuring Oxidants and Oxidative Stress in Biological Systems

Measuring Oxidants and Oxidative Stress in Biological Systems
Author: Lawrence J. Berliner
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 237
Release: 2020-08-08
Genre: Science
ISBN: 303047318X
GET BOOK

Download Measuring Oxidants and Oxidative Stress in Biological Systems Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

This book describes the methods of analysis and determination of oxidants and oxidative stress in biological systems. Reviews and protocols on select methods of analysis of ROS, RNS, oxygen, redox status, and oxidative stress in biological systems are described in detail. It is an essential resource for both novices and experts in the field of oxidant and oxidative stress biology.

Innovative Medicine

Innovative Medicine
Author: Kazuwa Nakao
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 330
Release: 2015-10-13
Genre: Science
ISBN: 4431556516
GET BOOK

Download Innovative Medicine Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

This book is devoted to innovative medicine, comprising the proceedings of the Uehara Memorial Foundation Symposium 2014. It remains extremely rare for the findings of basic research to be developed into clinical applications, and it takes a long time for the process to be achieved. The task of advancing the development of basic research into clinical reality lies with translational science, yet the field seems to struggle to find a way to move forward. To create innovative medical technology, many steps need to be taken: development and analysis of optimal animal models of human diseases, elucidation of genomic and epidemiological data, and establishment of “proof of concept”. There is also considerable demand for progress in drug research, new surgical procedures, and new clinical devices and equipment. While the original research target may be rare diseases, it is also important to apply those findings more broadly to common diseases. The book covers a wide range of topics and is organized into three complementary parts. The first part is basic research for innovative medicine, the second is translational research for innovative medicine, and the third is new technology for innovative medicine. This book helps to understand innovative medicine and to make progress in its realization.

Reactive Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulfur Species in Plants

Reactive Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulfur Species in Plants
Author: Mirza Hasanuzzaman
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
Total Pages: 1024
Release: 2019-07-05
Genre: Oxidative stress
ISBN: 9781119468677
GET BOOK

Download Reactive Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulfur Species in Plants Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Presents a multidisciplinary analysis of the integration among reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive sulfur species (RSS). Since plants are the main source of our food, the improvement of their productivity is the most important task for plant biologists. In this book, leading experts accumulate the recent development in the research on oxidative stress and approaches to enhance antioxidant defense system in crop plants. They discuss both the plant responses to oxidative stress and mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance, and cover all of the recent approaches towards understanding oxidative stress in plants, providing comprehensive information about the topics. It also discusses how reactive nitrogen species and reactive sulfur species regulate plant physiology and plant tolerance to environmental stresses. Reactive Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulfur Species in Plants: Production, Metabolism, Signaling and Defense Mechanisms covers everything readers need to know in four comprehensive sections. It starts by looking at reactive oxygen species metabolism and antioxidant defense. Next, it covers reactive nitrogen species metabolism and signaling before going on to reactive sulfur species metabolism and signaling. The book finishes with a section that looks at crosstalk among reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur species based on current research done by experts. Presents the newest method for understanding oxidative stress in plants. Covers both the plant responses to oxidative stress and mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance Details the integration among reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive sulfur species (RSS) Written by 140 experts in the field of plant stress physiology, crop improvement, and genetic engineering Providing a comprehensive collection of up-to-date knowledge spanning from biosynthesis and metabolism to signaling pathways implicated in the involvement of RONSS to plant defense mechanisms, Reactive Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulfur Species in Plants: Production, Metabolism, Signaling and Defense Mechanisms is an excellent book for plant breeders, molecular biologists, and plant physiologists, as well as a guide for students in the field of Plant Science.