Reservoir Characterization of Non Gaussian Field Using Combined Ensemble Based Method

Reservoir Characterization of Non Gaussian Field Using Combined Ensemble Based Method
Author: Samson B. Folarin
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2020
Genre: Kalman filtering
ISBN:

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The proper reservoir characterization was a decade-long challenge for both geoscientists and reservoir engineers because of the complex subsurface structures. Ensemble Kalman filter was studied rigorously as a promising method for quantify the reservoir uncertainty quantification. Because of its computational efficiency and easy implementation on any simulator, petroleum engineers recommended ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) as a useful history matching technique. It failed because of the Gaussian assumption and the inconsistency that exist between the updated static and dynamics parameters, which violate the field’s material balance. Wang et al., (2012) introduced an improved method called half iterative ensemble Kalman filter (HIEnKF) to overcome the shortcomings of the EnKF. The new method (HIEnKF) appears to be promising in the field of history matching but has its drawback. Mary Wheeler et al., (2013) introduced the ensemble smoother method to overcome the computational cost induced by HIEnKF. Various challenges arise from the existing methods that motivated us to propose new techniques that can give a promising result in petroleum engineering. We designed our first method by considering the advantage of half iterative EnKF and ensemble smoother. The combined half iterative EnKF and ensemble smoother (CoHIEnKFS) characterize a Gaussian field better than the existing methods. Previous work has shown poor characterization on reservoirs with non-Gaussian permeability distribution, which fails to satisfy HIEnKF Gaussian assumption. We apply a normal score transformation on (CoHIEnKFS) to meet this assumption. The new method (normal score combined half iterative EnKF and ES) produces a good result in the petroleum history matching field.

Ensemble-based Assimilation of Non-linearly Related Dynamic Data in Reservoir Models Exhibiting Non-Gaussian Characteristics

Ensemble-based Assimilation of Non-linearly Related Dynamic Data in Reservoir Models Exhibiting Non-Gaussian Characteristics
Author: Devesh Kumar
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2019
Genre:
ISBN:

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Inverse modeling techniques for estimating reservoir parameters (e.g., Transmissivity, Permeability, etc.) utilize some secondary information (e.g., hydraulic head or production data at well locations) to estimate reservoir parameters. Ensemble-based data assimilation methods are one such class of inverse modeling techniques. Ensemble Kalman filters (EnKF) in specific are built around the basic framework where modeling parameters such as transmissivity, permeability, storativity, porosity, hydraulic head, phase-saturation are included within a state vector psi^f that are updated to psi^a, based on the available dynamic data. Although EnKF presents the ability to update a large number of parameters successively as data becomes available, it suffers from some major drawbacks. It is optimal only in the case when the multivariate joint distribution describing the state vector is multi-Gaussian. Also, a linear update equation comprised of covariance values between the observed variables and update parameter and covariance between the different observed variables are used in EnKF. These assumptions and simplifications result in models that yield inaccurate predictions of reservoir performance.The aim of this research work is to propose a novel method for data assimilation which is free from the Gaussian and linear transfer function assumptions. This new method can be used to sequentially assimilate dynamic data into reservoir models using an ensemble based approach. Updating is performed in the indicator space where modeling is performed non-parametrically and the indicator transform is insensitive to non-linear operations. It is demonstrated that this indicator transform helps us achieve the desired generality which is a shortcoming of EnKF. Because the expected value of indicators directly yield the probability corresponding to an outcome, the method can be used to quantify the residual uncertainty in spatial description of reservoir properties. Because at all steps of the process an ensemble of models is available, so quantification of residual uncertainty in prediction forecasts is possible. Another advantage is that the data assimilation is sequential in nature implying that the updates can be performed in a quasi-real time sense as data becomes available.

Petroleum Reservoir Modeling and Simulation: Geology, Geostatistics, and Performance Prediction

Petroleum Reservoir Modeling and Simulation: Geology, Geostatistics, and Performance Prediction
Author: Juliana Y. Leung
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
Total Pages: 465
Release: 2022-01-28
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 1259834301

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Reservoir engineering fundamentals and applications along with well testing procedures This practical resource lays out the tools and techniques necessary to successfully construct petroleum reservoir models of all types and sizes. You will learn how to improve reserve estimations and make development decisions that will optimize well performance. Written by a pair of experts, Petroleum Reservoir Modeling and Simulation: Geology, Geostatistics, and Performance Prediction offers comprehensive coverage of quantitative modeling, geostatistics, well testing principles, upscaled models, and history matching. Throughout, special attention is paid to shale, carbonate, and subsea formations. Coverage includes: An overview of reservoir engineering Spatial correlation Spatial estimation Spatial simulation Geostatistical simulation constrained to higher-order statistics Numerical schemes for flow simulation Gridding schemes for flow simulation Upscaling of reservoir models History matching Dynamic data integration

Introduction to Geological Uncertainty Management in Reservoir Characterization and Optimization

Introduction to Geological Uncertainty Management in Reservoir Characterization and Optimization
Author: Reza Yousefzadeh
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 142
Release: 2023-04-08
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 3031280792

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This book explores methods for managing uncertainty in reservoir characterization and optimization. It covers the fundamentals, challenges, and solutions to tackle the challenges made by geological uncertainty. The first chapter discusses types and sources of uncertainty and the challenges in different phases of reservoir management, along with general methods to manage it. The second chapter focuses on geological uncertainty, explaining its impact on field development and methods to handle it using prior information, seismic and petrophysical data, and geological parametrization. The third chapter deals with reducing geological uncertainty through history matching and the various methods used, including closed-loop management, ensemble assimilation, and stochastic optimization. The fourth chapter presents dimensionality reduction methods to tackle high-dimensional geological realizations. The fifth chapter covers field development optimization using robust optimization, including solutions for its challenges such as high computational cost and risk attitudes. The final chapter introduces different types of proxy models in history matching and robust optimization, discussing their pros and cons, and applications. The book will be of interest to researchers and professors, geologists and professionals in oil and gas production and exploration.

Re-sampling the Ensemble Kalman Filter for Improved History Matching and Characterizations of Non-gaussian and Non-linear Reservoir Models

Re-sampling the Ensemble Kalman Filter for Improved History Matching and Characterizations of Non-gaussian and Non-linear Reservoir Models
Author: Siavash Nejadi
Publisher:
Total Pages: 203
Release: 2014
Genre: Reservoirs
ISBN:

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Reservoir simulation models play an important role in the production forecasting and field development planning. To enhance their predictive capabilities and capture the uncertainties in model parameters, stochastic reservoir models should be calibrated to both geologic and flow observations. The relationship between production performance and model parameters is vastly non-linear, rendering history matching process a challenging task. The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is a Monte-Carlo based technique for assisted history matching and real-time updating of reservoir models. EnKF works efficiently with Gaussian variables, but it often fails to honor the reference probability distribution of the model parameters where the distribution of model parameters are non-Gaussian and the system dynamics are strongly nonlinear. In this thesis, novel sampling procedures are proposed to honor geologic information in reservoirs with non-Gaussian model parameters. The methodologies include generating multiple geological models and updating the uncertain parameters using dynamic flow responses using iterative EnKF technique. Two new re-sampling steps are presented for characterization of multiple facies reservoirs. After certain number of assimilation steps, the updated ensemble is used to generate a new ensemble that is conditional to both the geological information and the early production data. Probability field simulation and a novel probability weighted re-sampling scheme are introduce to re-sample a new ensemble. After the re-sampling step, iterative EnKF is again applied on the ensemble members to assimilate the remaining production history. A new automated dynamic data integration workflow is implemented for characterization and uncertainty assessment of fracture reservoir models. This new methodology includes generating multiple discrete fracture network (DFN) models, upscaling the models for flow simulation, and updating the DFN model parameters using dynamic flow responses. The assisted history matching algorithm entails combining a probability weighted sampling with iterative EnKF. The performances of the introduced methodologies are evaluated by performing various simulation studies for different synthetic and field case studies. The qualities of the final matching results are assessed by examining the geological realism of the updated ensemble using the reference probability distribution of the model parameters and computing the predicted dynamic data mismatch.

Sustainable Natural Gas Reservoir and Production Engineering

Sustainable Natural Gas Reservoir and Production Engineering
Author: David Wood
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Total Pages: 412
Release: 2021-10-30
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0323859569

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Sustainable Natural Gas Reservoir and Production Engineering, the latest release in The Fundamentals and Sustainable Advances in Natural Gas Science and Engineering series, delivers many of the scientific fundamentals needed in the natural gas industry, including improving gas recovery, simulation processes for fracturing methods, and methods for optimizing production strategies. Advanced research covered includes machine learning applications, gas fracturing mechanics aimed at reducing environmental impact, and enhanced oil recovery technologies aimed at capturing carbon dioxide. Supported by corporate and academic contributors along with two well-distinguished editors, this book provides today’s natural gas engineers the fundamentals and advances in a convenient resource Helps readers advance from basic equations used in conventional gas reservoirs Presents structured case studies to illustrate how new principles can be applied in practical situations Covers advanced topics, including machine learning applications to optimize predictions, controls and improve knowledge-based applications Helps accelerate emission reductions by teaching gas fracturing mechanics with an aim of reducing environmental impacts and developing enhanced oil recovery technologies that capture carbon dioxide

Issues in Energy Research and Application: 2011 Edition

Issues in Energy Research and Application: 2011 Edition
Author:
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
Total Pages: 482
Release: 2012-01-09
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 146496629X

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Issues in Energy Research and Application / 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Energy Research and Application. The editors have built Issues in Energy Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Energy Research and Application in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Energy Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2021

Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2021
Author: Jia'en Lin
Publisher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 5829
Release: 2022-09-07
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9811921490

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This book focuses on reservoir surveillance and management, reservoir evaluation and dynamic description, reservoir production stimulation and EOR, ultra-tight reservoir, unconventional oil and gas resources technology, oil and gas well production testing, and geomechanics. This book is a compilation of selected papers from the 11th International Field Exploration and Development Conference (IFEDC 2021). The conference not only provides a platform to exchanges experience, but also promotes the development of scientific research in oil & gas exploration and production. The main audience for the work includes reservoir engineer, geological engineer, enterprise managers, senior engineers as well as professional students.

Handbook of Porous Media

Handbook of Porous Media
Author: Kambiz Vafai
Publisher: CRC Press
Total Pages: 946
Release: 2015-06-23
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1439885575

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Handbook of Porous Media, Third Edition offers a comprehensive overview of the latest theories on flow, transport, and heat-exchange processes in porous media. It also details sophisticated porous media models which can be used to improve the accuracy of modeling in a variety of practical applications. Featuring contributions from leading experts i