Ionic liquids (ILs) are described as a new class of molten salts consisting entirely of ions having a melting point below 100°C. Ionic liquids constitute a class of materials with many promising applications in very diverse fields. Their properties can be tailored by modifying the combination of ions in their composition. The introduction of the functional group forms "functionalized or task-specific ionic liquids" and allows us to tune the property for a particular application. Taking the advantage of introducing a monomer group to ILs, we can give rise a new family of functional polymer labeled polymeric ionic liquids or poly(ionic liquids) (PILs). ILs or PILs containing redox active groups are interesting because of their different applications such as molecular electronics, (bio)analytical sensor, energy transduction materials, electrochemical actuator, smart surfaces, solar cells, organic memory devices, as well as polymer based batteries. Since 2000, the research on ionic liquid-modified electrodes became intensively developing area. In term of electrochemical approach and considering the above factors, the work in this thesis focused on three points: i) synthesis of redox active ionic liquids, ii) grafting redox active ionic liquids by electrochemical process, iii) immobilization of redox poly(ionic liquids) on electrode surface. This thesis contains six chapters : -Chapter 1 presents an overview of ionic liquids and Poly(ionic liquids), their composition synthesis and use in electrochemical investigations.-Chapter 2 concentrates on the synthesis of ionic liquids (ILs) and report their protocol. - Chapter 3 reports the immobilization of task-specific ionic liquids on carbon electrodes by means of electrochemical grafting. Chapter 4 studies the formation redox Poly(ionic liquids) onto carbon electrode surfaces using four methods: direct electropolymerization, Graft-fast, Surface Electro-initiated Emulsion Polymerization (SEEP) and Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (SI-ATRP). -Chapter 5 envisages the preparation of bi-functional PILs containing both ferrocene and anthraquinone on polymer chain by SI-ATRP method. -Chapter 6 lists the conclusions of this thesis and displays future prospects for the bi-functional materials.