Merger Waves and Post-Transaction Performance

Merger Waves and Post-Transaction Performance
Author: Daniel Vogel
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2006
Genre:
ISBN:

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This study investigates whether a significant difference in abnormal returns to shareholders of acquiring companies during and between merger waves exists. The study of 292 acquirers in very large U.S. domestic public transactions between 1990 and 2000 shows that abnormal returns are significantly lower in the merger wave than in periods of low mergers and acquisitions activity. This phenomenon holds true even when NASDAQ-listed companies are excluded and subsamples by method of payment compared. Stock paid transactions clearly perform worse than transactions paid with cash or a combination of payment methods. No significant difference has been found between the post-transaction abnormal returns of single acquirers and companies that make many acquisitions. Furthermore, it can be shown that over the two years following the transaction announcement, acquiring shareholders face ever decreasing abnormal returns raising the question as to whether the stock market is capable of fully assessing the possible gains and losses from those transactions at the time of the transaction announcement. Many behavioral theories are supported by the results of this study, while the neoclassical theory fails to explain the negative cumulative average abnormal returns and reverse trends observable after the transaction announcement.

The Handbook of Mergers and Acquisitions

The Handbook of Mergers and Acquisitions
Author: David Faulkner
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Total Pages: 774
Release: 2012-06-07
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 0191628042

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With its inception at the end of the nineteenth century as a means of consolidation and reorganization, mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have since become quasi-institutionalized as one of the primary strategic options for organizations, as they seek to secure their position in an ever more competitive and globalizing market place. Despite the optimism surrounding M&A as strategic moves, research on post-merger company performance suggests that most firms engaging in M&A activity do not achieve the sought-after performance targets, either immediately or in the years following the deal. What is it that drives M&A activity when research results do not support the performance expectations of these undertakings? Alternatively, have M&A scholars got it all wrong in the way that M&A performance is measured? Is the topic too complex, enduring, and multifaceted to study? The Handbook argues that the field of M&A is in need of a re-rooting: past research needs to be critically reviewed, and fundamental assumptions revisited. A key issue preventing efforts in the practice and study of M&A from achieving dynamic syntheses has been the disciplinary gulf separating strategy, finance, and human relations schools. The Handbook aims to bridge the hitherto separate disciplines engaged in the study and practice of M&A to provide more meaningful results. Toward this end, the Handbook brings together a set of prominent and emerging scholars and practitioners engaged in the study of M&A to provide thought-provoking, state of the art overviews of M&A through four specific 'lenses' - strategic, financial, socio-cultural, and sectorial approaches. By summarizing key findings in current research and exploring ways in which the differing approaches could and should be 'synthesized', it aims to highlight the key issues facing M&A practitioners and academics at the dawn of the third millennium.

The Dynamics Within Merger Waves

The Dynamics Within Merger Waves
Author: Timo Gebken
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Total Pages: 174
Release: 2009-02
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 3640264460

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Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2008 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: Summa cum Laude, European Business School - International University Schlo Reichartshausen Oestrich-Winkel, 129 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Empirical corporate finance research analyzes the link between major corporate decisions and the shareholder value development of the respective companies. Enhancing the welfare of shareholders is a fundamental and common objective of all firms and corporate managers are required to implement policies consistent with shareholder welfare. However, the financial literature shows that major corporate decisions are not associated with stock market gains to the respective companies. Especially, the mergers and acquisitions related literature shows that the returns to bidding firm shareholders are essentially zero when they pursue an acquisition. Due to these empirical results, there is an ongoing debate why so many value decreasing decisions occur and how the success of corporate actions is related to company specific internal characteristics and the firms' external environment. Timo Gebken's dissertation contributes to this debate. Timo links the time series behavior of industry specific M&A activity to the shareholder wealth effects of the transactions. The majority of deals within an industry occur in very short time periods, so called industry merger waves. These industry merger waves are characterized by a fast consolidation process, which drastically changes the competitive environment for all firms within the industry. Timo analyzes how and why this rapidly changing environment influences the shareholder wealth effects of M&A activity. His results show that the gains associated with transactions change dramatically during an industry merger wave. At the beginning of an industryspecific consolidation process, mergers and acquisitions are accompanied by sig

Performance Implications of Participating in an Industry Merger Wave

Performance Implications of Participating in an Industry Merger Wave
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2015
Genre:
ISBN:

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In this thesis the performance implications for acquirers participating in an industry merger wave were studied from a short-term and long-term perspective. In line with findings from previous research, it was observed that acquisition performance tends to decrease over the course of an industry merger wave while following a U-shaped pattern, which indicates that acquisition performance is lowest at the peak of an industry merger wave but slightly improves thereafter. These findings were confirmed using both short-term abnormal returns and long-term industry-adjusted returns. Thus, with respect to the performance implications associated with the relative position of an acquisition within a wave, it appears that there exists a strong link between market expectations formed immediately after the announcement of a deal and firms' long-term stock performance, a link which has generally been debated in mergers and acquisitions research. Additionally, as in the study of McNamara, Haleblian, and Dykes (2008), potential moderating effects on acquisition performance related to industry and firm characteristics were analyzed. While not all of these moderating effects showed consistent results across all alternative performance measures, a newly introduced variable based on acquisition rhythm was identified to be significant in both the short-term and long-term models, which provided evidence that the variability in acquisition rate seems to be an influential factor for acquisition performance in the context of industry merger waves. After rerunning all models on a more recent dataset covering ten new industry merger waves between 2001 and 2012, it was found that surprisingly few of the initially identified effects could be reconfirmed.

Understanding Mergers and Acquisitions in the 21st Century

Understanding Mergers and Acquisitions in the 21st Century
Author: K. McCarthy
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 304
Release: 2012-12-05
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 1137278072

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The first volume to explore mergers and acquisitions in the 21st century. The authors systematically introduce, characterize and evaluate these mergers, and discuss the methodologies that can be employed to measure them. They also consider a number of factors relevant to the performance of mergers and acquisitions.

Transmission Mechanisms of Merger Waves

Transmission Mechanisms of Merger Waves
Author: Ahmed Baya
Publisher:
Total Pages: 338
Release: 2019
Genre: Consolidation and merger of corporations
ISBN:

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In the context of M&A's, this thesis investigates the role of industry relatedness between the acquiring and the target industry on explaining merger activity, as well as the probability of the occurrence of a merger wave. We provide evidence from both the U.S. and the UK market to allow for comparison. While we find no significant evidence of the relevance of industry networks in explaining U.S. merger activity, our results support a positive and significant relationship between UK merger activity and the level of industry relatedness between the acquirer and the target. Furthermore, we examine cross-border M&A's within three distinctive regions: North America, Europe, and Asia. Similar to domestic M&A's, we find that cross-border M&A's occur in a wave-like pattern. We further analyse post-M&A performance using data of cross-border deals from 1996-2017. In particular, we explore the post-merger performance of cross-border mergers occurring inside vs. outside wave periods. We find that cross-border merger deals occurring within a wave period result in value creation if the acquirer company has a high degree of internationalisation. This relationship is primarily significant for acquirers from the North American region.

International Mergers and Acquisitions Activity Since 1990

International Mergers and Acquisitions Activity Since 1990
Author: Greg N. Gregoriou
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 321
Release: 2007-06-29
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 008054732X

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It is now a well-know fact that mergers and acquisitions activity comes in waves. The most recent wave, the 5th takeover wave of the 1990s, was characterized by an unprecedented number of corporate restructurings in terms of mergers and acquisitions (M&As), public-to-private transactions, spin-offs and divestitures, and leveraged recapitalizations. Following the collapse of the stock market in March 2000, M&A activity slumped dramatically, but this pause ended in the second half of 2004 when takeover deals occurred again quite frequently. Indeed, some observers wonder whether the 6th takeover wave has started. The takeover wave in the 1990s was particularly remarkable in terms of size and geographical dispersion. For the first time, Continental European firms were as eager to participate as their US and UK counterparts, and M&A activity in Europe hit levels similar to those experienced in the US. Due to its financial impact and the unprecedented activity in Continental Europe, the 5th takeover wave of the 1990s and recent takeover activity (in biotech, utilities, pharmaceuticals) have triggered a great deal of interesting academic research. This volume brings together a selection of insightful papers. An impressive group of international authors address the following themes: takeover regulation; the cyclical pattern of the M&A markets and probable causes and effects; methods to determine the performance of success of M&A actions; cross border deals; means of payment and its effects; studies of hostile bids; high leverage takeovers and delistings. *A selection of the best and latest quantitative research on M&A activity worldwide*Impressive collection of international authors*Provides important insights and implications for practitioners

Information Revelation in Merger Waves

Information Revelation in Merger Waves
Author: Pablo Moran
Publisher:
Total Pages: 77
Release: 2017
Genre:
ISBN:

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This paper examines the hypothesis that, during merger waves, a bidder's actions are informative for other bidders and the market. I develop a real options model to explore the interplay between acquisition timing and the market reaction to these events in the context of merger waves. The model predicts a pattern of declining announcement returns along the merger wave and novel forms of contagion returns. I take these contagion predictions to the data in a sample of U.S. industries that underwent regulatory changes in the 1990s. Consistent with the model's predictions, I find that the dispersion in bidders' post-acquisition performance declines along the merger wave and that the start of a merger wave is associated with an increase (decrease) in the conditional correlation of bidders' stock returns and the stock returns of other bidders (a broad stock index). These theoretical and empirical results suggest that a rich set of channels of contagion returns and deal anticipation are at play during merger waves.

Anatomy of a Merger

Anatomy of a Merger
Author: Alexandra Merle Post
Publisher:
Total Pages: 280
Release: 1994
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN:

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Provides major force in international financial economics- mergers, takeovers, and corporate control.