Meanings and Prototypes
Author | : Sabbas L. Tsochatzidēs |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 584 |
Release | : 2014 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781315857398 |
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Author | : Sabbas L. Tsochatzidēs |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 584 |
Release | : 2014 |
Genre | : |
ISBN | : 9781315857398 |
Author | : Savas Tsohatsidis |
Publisher | : Taylor & Francis |
Total Pages | : 584 |
Release | : 1990-01-01 |
Genre | : Categorization (Linguistics). |
ISBN | : 9780415036122 |
Author | : David L. Waltz |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 261 |
Release | : 2014-02-03 |
Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | : 1317933494 |
Natural language understanding is central to the goals of artificial intelligence. Any truly intelligent machine must be capable of carrying on a conversation: dialogue, particularly clarification dialogue, is essential if we are to avoid disasters caused by the misunderstanding of the intelligent interactive systems of the future. This book is an interim report on the grand enterprise of devising a machine that can use natural language as fluently as a human. What has really been achieved since this goal was first formulated in Turing’s famous test? What obstacles still need to be overcome?
Author | : Javier Valenzuela |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 303 |
Release | : 2017-04-27 |
Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | : 1107096375 |
A lively, up-to-date and compact introduction to semantics, accessible to those with no prior knowledge of linguistics.
Author | : John Beavers |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 277 |
Release | : 2020-03-19 |
Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | : 0192597795 |
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. This book explores possible and impossible word meanings, with a specific focus on the meanings of verbs. John Beavers and Andrew Koontz-Garboden adopt the now common view that verb meanings consist at least partly of an event structure, made up of two elements: an event template describing the verb's broad temporal and causal contours, which occurs across lots of verbs and groups them into semantic and grammatical classes; and an idiosyncratic root describing specific, real world states and actions that distinguish between verbs with the same template. While much work has focused on templates, less work has addressed the truth-conditional contributions of roots, despite the importance of a theory of root meaning in fully defining the predictions made by event structural approaches. This book aims to address this gap by exploring two previously proposed constraints on root meaning: The Bifurcation Thesis of Roots, whereby roots never introduce the meanings introduced by templates, and Manner/Result Complementarity, which specifies that roots can describe either a manner or a result state but never both at the same time. Two extended case studies, on change-of-state verbs and ditransitive verbs of caused possession, show that neither hypothesis holds, and that ultimately there may be no constraints on what a root can mean. Nonetheless, the book argues that event structures still have predictive value: it presents a new theory of possible root meanings and their interaction with event templates that produces a new typology of possible verbs, in which systematic semantic and grammatical properties are determined not just by templates, but also by roots.
Author | : Mira Ariel |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 277 |
Release | : 2014-02-03 |
Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | : 1317933834 |
Accessing Noun-Phrase Antecedents offers a radical shift in the analysis of discourse anaphora, from a purely pragmatic account to a cognitive account, in terms of processing procedures. Mira Ariel defines referring expressions as markers signalling the degree of Accessibility in memory of the antecedent. The notion of Accessibility is explicitly defined, the crucial factors being the Salience of the antecedent, and the Unity between the antecedent and the anaphor. This analysis yields an astonishing array of new results. The precise distribution of referring expressions in actual discourse is directly predicted. Several universals of anaphoric relations are stated. Thus, although not all languages necessarily have the same markers, and nor do they assign them precisely the same function, Ariel shows that they all obey the same Accessibility marking hierarchy. This book will be compulsory reading for anyone with an interest in the semantics and pragmatics of referring expressions, in the interaction of semantics and pragmatics, and more generally in the interaction between peripheral and central cognitive systems.
Author | : Rainer Bäuerle |
Publisher | : Walter de Gruyter |
Total Pages | : 508 |
Release | : 1983 |
Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | : 9783110089011 |
Author | : Timothy C. Potts |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 328 |
Release | : 1994-03-10 |
Genre | : Computers |
ISBN | : 0521434815 |
This 1994 book develops a way of representing the meanings of linguistic expressions which is independent of any particular language, allowing the expressions to be manipulated in accordance with rules related to their meanings which could be implemented on a computer. It begins with a survey of the contributions of linguistics, logic and computer science to the problem of representation, linking each with a particular type of formal grammar. A system of graphs is then presented, organized by scope relations in which linguistic constituents are sub-graphs whose configuration is determined by their categories. In developing this system, the author extends the notion of scope and argues that anaphoric and relative pronouns are structural signs not linguistic constituents. Certain count nouns are made the basis of this system and an account of proper names relating the count nouns, is given.
Author | : Gustaf Stern |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 488 |
Release | : 1964 |
Genre | : English language |
ISBN | : |
Author | : Paul R Kroeger |
Publisher | : |
Total Pages | : 498 |
Release | : 2020-10-09 |
Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | : 9781013293054 |
This book provides an introduction to the study of meaning in human language, from a linguistic perspective. It covers a fairly broad range of topics, including lexical semantics, compositional semantics, and pragmatics. The chapters are organized into six units: (1) Foundational concepts; (2) Word meanings; (3) Implicature (including indirect speech acts); (4) Compositional semantics; (5) Modals, conditionals, and causation; (6) Tense & aspect. Most of the chapters include exercises which can be used for class discussion and/or homework assignments, and each chapter contains references for additional reading on the topics covered. As the title indicates, this book is truly an INTRODUCTION: it provides a solid foundation which will prepare students to take more advanced and specialized courses in semantics and/or pragmatics. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.