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| Author | : Andrew Kernohan |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 148 |
| Release | : 1998-07-28 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 9780521627535 |
Kernohan argues that a liberal state committed to moral equality must accept a strong role in reforming our cultural environment.
| Author | : Abigail Levin |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 506 |
| Release | : 2007 |
| Genre | : |
| ISBN | : 9780494280591 |
Rethinking Rights examines pornography and hate speech as test cases in advancing an argument for the liberal state to engage in activism in the name of equality for women and minorities. Such cases expose a core tension within liberalism between neutrality and equality, since state neutrality in the face of a systemically sexist and racist culture only reinforces that culture and further silences the speech of women and minorities within it. I argue that, on the liberal's own terms, the commitment to equality has priority over the commitment to neutrality. Once that has been established, I address two issues commonly raised by liberals against state activism: the question of how to ensure that the state is acting in the name of equality, rather than in its own, or some other, interest; and the issue that censorship, in any form, is anathema to liberalism. Both discussions raise issues of state power, particularly as it intersects with feminist speech act theory and with the work of Foucault and Judith Butler. These theories, taken together, turn both state power and the notion of censorship on their heads---no longer is hate speech about the power of the speaker, but about the power of the state in permitting or regulating it; no longer is censorship about state suppression after an utterance, but about the very production of utterances at all. Taking these insights on board, the liberal should be in a position to embrace state activism in the service of equality, not as a compromise of liberal principles, but as an entailment of those very principles.
| Author | : Hilton Kramer |
| Publisher | : Ivan R. Dee |
| Total Pages | : 255 |
| Release | : 1999-10-11 |
| Genre | : Political Science |
| ISBN | : 1461720419 |
Just fifty years ago the literary critic Lionel Trilling spoke of liberalism as “not only the dominant but even the sole intellectual tradition” in American society. At the turn of the twentieth century this is clearly no longer the case, when conservative ideas have succeeded in many areas of public policy. Yet America’s mainstream institutions—the media, the academy, popular culture, religion, the law—remain largely under the sway of a liberal ethos. In this incisive collection of essays which appeared originally in The New Criterion, nine distinguished critics and observers examine the origins and prospects of liberalism, from its roots in thinkers such as Rousseau and Mill to its troubled legacy in twentieth-century pursuits. They are cogent in explaining the compromising effects of liberalism in the moral and intellectual life of our culture, and seek to disentangle what is beneficent from what is destructive in its ideas. At a time when basic liberal assumptions about man and society are so deeply entrenched that they go largely unrecognized—and unexamined—The Betrayal of Liberalism offers a rewarding and enriching analysis. Its contributors include Roger Scruton, Keith Windschuttle, Hadley Arkes, Robert Conquest, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Robert Kagan, John Silber, John O’Sullivan, Hilton Kramer, and Roger Kimball.
| Author | : Nicholas Capaldi |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 218 |
| Release | : 1985 |
| Genre | : Business & Economics |
| ISBN | : |
The policy of affirmative action, today, more so than in the Civil Rights era, is under severe scrutiny. Nicholas Capaldi's Out of Order typifies the present-day criticism of affirmative action and shows how we have shifted from equality of opportunity and individual merit to the concept of group entitlement and statistical quality of result. Capaldi contends that affirmative action has not solved the problem of equal opportunity for which it was presumably designed, it has instead created a new moral dilemma in the form of reverse discrimination. Out of Order highlights key affirmative action issues from the time of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 through the Bakke decision, the Weber case of 1979, and beyond. Capaldi illuminates not only the historical/judicial complexion of affirmative action policies but also their philosophical and social implications. Capaldi questions the necessity of affirmative action, whether its creation was based upon a valid definition of the nature and extent of discrimination, and whether it is a suitable policy for dealing with discrimination. Capaldi maintains that the creation of affirmative action evolved more out of social theory than social reality. By carefully documenting the legislative and judicial history of the Civil Rights Act, the author argues that affirmative action is a bureaucratic fabrication, that it is not a solution to a problem but a policy in search of problems. The crux of Capaldi's thesis boldly claims that affirmative action is perpetuated by the self-interest of "modern liberals" who "guide and control the system from their superior vantage point." Moreover, affirmative action is centered on education and has its roots in doctrinaire liberalism. Since that social philosophy attaches a crucial role to education, and since the conflicting demands made upon the modern American university have exposed its inability to generate coherent policies, doctrinaire liberalism has undergone a crisis of confidence.
| Author | : Amy Gutmann |
| Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
| Total Pages | : 340 |
| Release | : 1980-09-30 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 9780521228282 |
This book makes a significant contribution to the tradition of liberal political theory: it explores the foundations and limits of the idea of equality within that theory and offers a sustained argument for a persuasive new view of liberalism. Liberal thinking has always displayed a tension between the claims of liberty and those of equality. Professor Gutmann examines the contributions of liberal theorists from Locke to Rawls on the subject of two kinds of equality - equality of opportunity to participate and the equal distribution of economic goods. Valuing both, she shows that, far from being alternatives, the two ideals are compatible to a much greater degree than has previously been thought. Liberal Equality restores egalitarianism to political theory in a way that will forcefully challenge its critics to deeper reflection.
| Author | : Will Kymlicka |
| Publisher | : |
| Total Pages | : 568 |
| Release | : 1987 |
| Genre | : Communities |
| ISBN | : |
| Author | : Brian Barry |
| Publisher | : Harvard University Press |
| Total Pages | : 418 |
| Release | : 2002 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 9780674010017 |
All major western countries today contain groups that differ in their religious beliefs, customary practices or ideas abou the right way in which to live. How should public policy respond to this diversity? Barry challenges the currently popular answer and develops a powerful restatement of an egalitarian liberalism for the 21st century.
| Author | : Clare Chambers |
| Publisher | : Penn State Press |
| Total Pages | : 308 |
| Release | : 2008 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 0271033029 |
Autonomy is fundamental to liberalism. But autonomous individuals often choose to do things that harm themselves or undermine their equality. In particular, women often choose to participate in practices of sexual inequality&—cosmetic surgery, gendered patterns of work and childcare, makeup, restrictive clothing, or the sexual subordination required by membership in certain religious groups. In this book, Clare Chambers argues that this predicament poses a fundamental challenge to many existing liberal and multicultural theories that dominate contemporary political philosophy. Chambers argues that a theory of justice cannot ignore the influence of culture and the role it plays in shaping choices. If cultures shape choices, it is problematic to use those choices as the measure of the justice of the culture. Drawing upon feminist critiques of gender inequality and poststructuralist theories of social construction, she argues that we should accept some of the multicultural claims about the importance of culture in shaping our actions and identities, but that we should reach the opposite normative conclusion to that of multiculturalists and many liberals. Rather than using the idea of social construction to justify cultural respect or protection, we should use it to ground a critical stance toward cultural norms. The book presents radical proposals for state action to promote sexual and cultural justice.
| Author | : C. Hay |
| Publisher | : Springer |
| Total Pages | : 352 |
| Release | : 2013-07-30 |
| Genre | : Social Science |
| ISBN | : 1137003901 |
In this book Hay argues that the moral and political frameworks of Kantianism and liberalism are indispensable for addressing the concerns of contemporary feminism. After defending the use of these frameworks for feminist purposes, Hay uses them to argue that people who are oppressed have an obligation to themselves to resist their own oppression.
| Author | : James S. Fishkin |
| Publisher | : Yale University Press |
| Total Pages | : 220 |
| Release | : 1983-01-01 |
| Genre | : Philosophy |
| ISBN | : 0300032498 |
Three common assumptions of both liberal theory and political debate are the autonomy of the family, the principle of merit, and equality of life chances. Fishkin argues that even under the best conditions, commitment to any two of these principles precludes the third. "A brief survey and brilliant critique of contemporary liberal political theory.... A must for all political theory or public policy collections." -Choice "The strong points of Fishkin's book are many. He raises provocative issues, locates them within a broader theoretical framework, and demonstrates an urgent need for liberals to set certain priorities. His main message--that liberalism has radical implications for ordinary life--needs to be heard by many." --Virginia L. Warren, Michigan Law Review "A highly original and powerfully argued book.... Fishkin is undoubtedly right, and his warning needs to be taken seriously.... This is not a book that catechizes us about what we should believe concerning the practicalities of distributive justice. It is a book that advises us about how we need to think about beliefs that are already popular dogmas, in the interest of making sense." -James Gaffney, America James S. Fishkin is associate professor of political science at Yale University. He is also the author of The Limits of Obligation and Beyond Subjective Morality.
