Investigation of the Compression of Magnetized Plasma and Magnetic Flux

Investigation of the Compression of Magnetized Plasma and Magnetic Flux
Author: Dimitry Mikitchuk
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 91
Release: 2019-06-28
Genre: Science
ISBN: 3030208559

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The present research studies the fundamental physics occurring during the magnetic flux and magnetized plasma compression by plasma implosion. This subject is relevant to numerous studies in laboratory and space plasmas. Recently, it has attracted particular interest due to the advances in producing high-energy-density plasmas in fusion-oriented experiments, based on the approach of magnetized plasma compression. The studied configuration consists of a cylindrical gas-puff shell with pre-embedded axial magnetic field that pre-fills the anode-cathode gap. Subsequently, axial pulsed current is driven through the plasma generating an azimuthal magnetic field that compresses the plasma and the axial magnetic field embedded in it. A key parameter for the understanding of the physics occurring during the magnetized plasma compression is the evolution and distribution of the axial and azimuthal magnetic fields. Here, for the first time ever, both fields are measured simultaneously employing non-invasive spectroscopic methods that are based on the polarization properties of the Zeeman effect. These measurements reveal unexpected results of the current distribution and the nature of the equilibrium between the axial and azimuthal fields. These observations show that a large part of the current does not flow in the imploding plasma, rather it flows through a low-density plasma residing at large radii. The development of a force-free current configuration is suggested to explain this phenomenon. Previously unpredicted observations in higher-power imploding-magnetized-plasma experiments, including recent unexplained structures observed in the Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion experiment, may be connected to the present discovery.

Computational Magnetohydrodynamic Investigation of Flux Compression and Implosion Dynamics in a Z-pinch Plasma with an Azimuthally Opposed Magnetic Field Configuration

Computational Magnetohydrodynamic Investigation of Flux Compression and Implosion Dynamics in a Z-pinch Plasma with an Azimuthally Opposed Magnetic Field Configuration
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 2003
Genre:
ISBN:

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Magnetic flux compression is a well established technique for the generation of ultrahigh magnetic fields, large currents, and large energy densities. It has been suggested as a means for power density amplification on Z-pinch generators such as Decade Quad, at Arnold Engineering Development Center, and it may be especially suitable as a means for producing higher powers of K-shell radiation from high atomic number loads such as titanium. Although many one-dimensional models of flux compression on Z-pinch generators exist, an improvement in understanding is needed about the physics and implosion dynamics on a two-dimensional level. To this end, a two-dimensional resistive magnetohydrodynamic code was used to study a particular flux compression concept for use on Decade Quad. In the concept under study, compression occurs for self generated opposing azimuthal magnetic fields. In order to provide appropriate boundary conditions for the simulations, a non-linear circuit model was developed to enable calculation of the dynamically changing inductive and resistive impedances of the two coupled current paths such that they are consistent with the developing plasma. Good flux compression is observed despite magnetic flux losses. Two dimensional calculations are shown to match reasonably well with one-dimensional results. However, results also indicate Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities significantly affect implosion dynamics through the creation of isolated magnetic flux pockets, formation of circular currents, and the redistribution of current flow. It is also found that the Aluminum plasma armature shorts out on the stator, and thereby causes a nonideal current distribution in the titanium plasma. Consequently, the titanium plasma does not receive sufficient energy transfer for efficient K-shell radiative emission.

Magnetic Flux Compression Experiments Using Plasma Armatures

Magnetic Flux Compression Experiments Using Plasma Armatures
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Total Pages: 38
Release: 2018-06
Genre:
ISBN: 9781720618492

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Magnetic flux compression reaction chambers offer considerable promise for controlling the plasma flow associated with various micronuclear/chemical pulse propulsion and power schemes, primarily because they avoid thermalization with wall structures and permit multicycle operation modes. The major physical effects of concern are the diffusion of magnetic flux into the rapidly expanding plasma cloud and the development of Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities at the plasma surface, both of which can severely degrade reactor efficiency and lead to plasma-wall impact. A physical parameter of critical importance to these underlying magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) processes is the magnetic Reynolds number (R(sub m), the value of which depends upon the product of plasma electrical conductivity and velocity. Efficient flux compression requires R(sub m) less than 1, and a thorough understanding of MHD phenomena at high magnetic Reynolds numbers is essential to the reliable design and operation of practical reactors. As a means of improving this understanding, a simplified laboratory experiment has been constructed in which the plasma jet ejected from an ablative pulse plasma gun is used to investigate plasma armature interaction with magnetic fields. As a prelude to intensive study, exploratory experiments were carried out to quantify the magnetic Reynolds number characteristics of the plasma jet source. Jet velocity was deduced from time-of-flight measurements using optical probes, and electrical conductivity was measured using an inductive probing technique. Using air at 27-inHg vacuum, measured velocities approached 4.5 km/s and measured conductivities were in the range of 30 to 40 kS/m.Turner, M. W. and Hawk, C. W. and Litchford, R. J.Marshall Space Flight CenterELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY; PLASMA COMPRESSION; MAGNETIC FLUX; REYNOLDS NUMBER; PLASMA JETS; PLASMA DYNAMICS; STABILITY; CHEMICAL PROPULSION; SPACECRAFT PROPULSION; ARMATURES; TEST FACILITIES; PLASMA GUNS

Magnetic Flux Compression Experiments Using Plasma Armatures

Magnetic Flux Compression Experiments Using Plasma Armatures
Author: M. W. Turner
Publisher:
Total Pages: 29
Release: 2003
Genre: Magnetic flux
ISBN:

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Magnetic flux compression reaction chambers offer considerable promise for controlling the plasma flow associated with various micronuclear/chemical pulse propulsion and power schemes, primarily because they avoid thermalization with wall structures and permit multicycle operation modes. The major physical effects of concern are the diffusion of magnetic flux into the rapidly expanding plasma cloud and the development of Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities at the plasma surface, both of which can severely degrade reactor efficiency and lead to plasma-wall impact. A physical parameter of critical importance to these underlying magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) processes is the magnetic Reynolds number (Rm), the value of which depends upon the product of plasma electrical conductivity and velocity. Efficient flux compression requires Rm”1, and a thorough understanding of MHD phenomena at high magnetic Reynolds numbers is essential to the reliable design and operation of practical reactors. As a means of improving this understanding, a simplified laboratory experiment has been constructed in which the plasma jet ejected from an ablative pulse plasma gun is used to investigate plasma armature interaction with magnetic fields. As a prelude to intensive study, exploratory experiments were carried out to quantify the magnetic Reynolds number characteristics of the plasma jet source. Jet velocity was deduced from time-of-flight measurements using optical probes, and electrical conductivity was measured using an inductive probing technique. Using air at 27-inHg vacuum, measured velocities approached 4.5 km/s and measured conductivities were in the range of 30 to 40 kS/m.

Magnetic Flux Compression by Expanding Plasma Armatures. [PULSAR].

Magnetic Flux Compression by Expanding Plasma Armatures. [PULSAR].
Author:
Publisher:
Total Pages:
Release: 1979
Genre:
ISBN:

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A one-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic computer code has been developed to study magnetic flux compression using explosively driven plasma armatures in cylindrically symmetric systems. This work supports a program to develop a compact, non-destructive, repetitive pulse power generator capable of multimegajoule outputs with pulse widths of about 10−5 sec. Details of the code construction and results of some calculations including the cynamics of the explosive detonation are presented.

A Magnetic Compression Experiment for the Study of Shock Wave Structures

A Magnetic Compression Experiment for the Study of Shock Wave Structures
Author: G. Goldenbaum
Publisher:
Total Pages: 22
Release: 1963
Genre:
ISBN:

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The construction of the experimental apparatus for the investigation of the structure of hydromagnetic shock waves has been completed. By means of a technique developed in connection with so-called theta-pinch experiments a cylindrical plasma is produced with an internal magnetic field of variable magnitude. A fast rising external magnetic field is applied, which drives the plasma towards the axis thereby generating cylindrical shock waves. The density and the composition of the initial plasma, the magnitude of the internal magnetic field, the rise time and the maximum amplitude of the compressing field can be varied over a wide range. In particular it is possible to choose the parameters so that the ion mean free path in the shocked plasma is large compared to the ion cyclotron radius. (Author).