Investigation of Microgravity Grown Organic Crystals by Diffusion Techniques Over the Course of Thirty-one Years

Investigation of Microgravity Grown Organic Crystals by Diffusion Techniques Over the Course of Thirty-one Years
Author: Ashley Renee Wilkinson
Publisher:
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2023
Genre: Crystal growth
ISBN:

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"The effect of microgravity on crystallization experiments has been a topic of interest over the past fifty years. The first microgravity crystallization experiments have been dated back to the early 1970s, and since then hundreds of crystals have been grown in microgravity. Crystallization experiments have been conducted on multiple flights and a variety of spacecraft, using an assortment of techniques, and funded by several different countries. Scientists have been and continue to examine how macromolecular crystals grow in microgravity and how the structures determined from crystals grown in microgravity compare to the structures determined from Earth grown crystals. Parameters such as size, uniformity, mosaicity and resolution limit can give the scientists insight into whether or not there are marked improvements in crystals. The ability to grow high quality crystals can lead to many developments in the electronics, healthcare and pharmaceuticals, and metal industries along with a variety of areas of research. This study is an analysis of publicly available data on organic macromolecular crystals grown by diffusion techniques over a thirty-one year period of time (1988-2019). The hypothesis is that experimental techniques and experience in microgravity crystallization have provided improved crystal growth throughout the analysis time period"--Leaf 3.

On the Diffusion Method of Crystal Growth

On the Diffusion Method of Crystal Growth
Author: Ödön Lendvay
Publisher:
Total Pages: 40
Release: 1969
Genre: Crystal growth
ISBN:

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The simplest technical method for producing crystals of poorly soluble materials is diffusion growth. Through Diffusion growth nucleation processes may be limited or extended to chosen extent. The location and time of initiation for nucleation are directly calculable if the critical supersaturation or solubility product is known. The modification of nucleation time, duration, speed, time expansion, or contraction of extent may be achieved by simple methods. By the selection of experimental conditions different size distribution crystalline precipitates or macrocrystals may be produced. The latter may reach 1 cm size if system parameters are chosen correctly. The maximum dimensions of crystals produced are determined by the relationship of speed, nucleation, and growth. Largest dimensions through growth are usually exhibited by dendrites, twins, plain crystals, and needles. The so-called space crystals (where all three dimensions of the crystal are nearly equal) are generally smaller than the previous ones. The method has increased importance in cases where usual crystal growth methods may not be employed due ot the characteristics of the crystal to be produced.

Neutron Protein Crystallography

Neutron Protein Crystallography
Author: Nobuo Niimura
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 250
Release: 2011-02-17
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0199578869

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One of the first books dedicated to the emerging field of neutron protein crystallography (NPC). It covers all of the practical aspects of NPC and demonstrates how NPC can explore protein features such as hydrogen bonds, protonation and deprotonation of amino acid residues, and hydration structures.

Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth

Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth
Author: Govindhan Dhanaraj
Publisher: Springer
Total Pages: 1818
Release: 2016-05-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9783662518144

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Over the years, many successful attempts have been chapters in this part describe the well-known processes made to describe the art and science of crystal growth, such as Czochralski, Kyropoulos, Bridgman, and o- and many review articles, monographs, symposium v- ing zone, and focus speci cally on recent advances in umes, and handbooks have been published to present improving these methodologies such as application of comprehensive reviews of the advances made in this magnetic elds, orientation of the growth axis, intro- eld. These publications are testament to the grow- duction of a pedestal, and shaped growth. They also ing interest in both bulk and thin- lm crystals because cover a wide range of materials from silicon and III–V of their electronic, optical, mechanical, microstructural, compounds to oxides and uorides. and other properties, and their diverse scienti c and The third part, Part C of the book, focuses on - technological applications. Indeed, most modern ad- lution growth. The various aspects of hydrothermal vances in semiconductor and optical devices would growth are discussed in two chapters, while three other not have been possible without the development of chapters present an overview of the nonlinear and laser many elemental, binary, ternary, and other compound crystals, KTP and KDP. The knowledge on the effect of crystals of varying properties and large sizes. The gravity on solution growth is presented through a c- literature devoted to basic understanding of growth parison of growth on Earth versus in a microgravity mechanisms, defect formation, and growth processes environment.

Crystal Growth

Crystal Growth
Author: C. H. L. Goodman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 198
Release: 2013-03-09
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1475748965

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The science and art of crystal growing continue to flourish; even with increasing understanding of the science, "feel" and skill continue to play their vital part, as was so clearly evidenced at the recent Boston International Conference on Crystal Growth. The aim of this volume, the same as that of the first, is to try to improve understanding by providing detailed discussions of crystal growth techniques and problems that arise with them. The published paper in the specialized literature is too limited a vehicle, by convention and by editorial pressure on length, to discuss matters in detail, yet it is in the small details born of experience that vital information can often lie concealed. A major aim of this series, therefore, has been to encourage contributors to describe rather fully what has been achieved in their special fields. The next volume of this series is now well underway and plans for Volume 4 are advanced. If you, the reader, feel that some important aspect of crystal growth is being unjustifiably neglected, perhaps you should consider offering a contribution! And even if you do not wish to do that, please do offer criticism-preferably constructive. I hope that the present volume will prove as useful and interesting to crystal growers as apparently did the first volume of the series; certainly the warm commendations that that volume has elicited were a great encouragement for the present work. Finally it is a pleasure to thank Standard Telecommunication Laboratories for its continuing support.

Shaped Crystals

Shaped Crystals
Author: Tsuguo Fukuda
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 336
Release: 2007-08-10
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 354071295X

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This volume offers an overview of the growth of shaped crystals (oxides, fluorides, etc.) by the micro-pulling-down technique. Both melt and solution (flux) growth are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed in detail and compared with related crystal-growth processes. The authors attempt to give a practical introduction to this technique, thereby also explaining how its application can help to solve problems commonly encountered in other melt-growth methods.

New Topics in Crystal Growth Research

New Topics in Crystal Growth Research
Author: George V. Karas
Publisher: Nova Publishers
Total Pages: 202
Release: 2006
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781594548376

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Experimental and theoretical aspects of crystal growth and its applications, e.g. in devices, are within the scope of these new books . Experimental and theoretical contributions are included in the following fields: theory of nucleation and growth, molecular kinetics and transport phenomena, crystallisation in viscous media such as polymers and glasses; crystal growth of metals, minerals, semiconductors, superconductors, magnetics, inorganic, organic and biological substances in bulk or as thin films; molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapour deposition, growth of III-V and II-VI and other semiconductors; characterisation of single crystals by physical and chemical methods; apparatus, instrumentation and techniques for crystal growth, and purification methods; multi-layer heterostructures and their characterisation with an emphasis on crystal growth and epitaxial aspects of electronic materials.

Crystal Growth Under Applied Fields

Crystal Growth Under Applied Fields
Author: Sadik Dost
Publisher:
Total Pages: 214
Release: 2007-01-01
Genre: Crystal growth
ISBN: 9788178952611

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In crystal growth from the liquid phase, convective flows occurring in the melt or solution play a significant role in many aspects of the growth processes. This includes concentration distribution in the liquid phase, crystal composition, microstructures in the grown crystals, and the shape and evolution of the melting/growing interfaces. All these parameters affect the quality of grown crystals. To this end, convection in the liquid phase must be controlled. The main option to achieve this goal in crystal growth is the use of applied fields such as magnetic and electric fields, crucible rotation, and a microgravity environment. The use of microgravity fields was covered in one of the previous volumes of Research Signpost. The present volume mainly focuses on the melt and solution growth of semiconductors under the effects of applied electric and magnetic fields and crucible rotation. The book consists of two main groups of chapters. The first group is on the melt growth techniques of Czhochralski and Float-zone, and the second part focuses on the solution growth techniques of Liquid Phase Electroepitaxy, Liquid Phase Diffusion and the Travelling Heater Method. In each group, chapters are presented in the alphabetical order with respect to the first author. The contributed chapters cover recent developments in these techniques under applied fields such as applied magnetic and electric fields, crucible rotation and reduced gravity conditions. We hope that this review book will serve to researchers and graduate students in these fields as a valuable source in conducting their research. We would like to express our deepest appreciation to the contributors for their excellent contributions, and the time and effort put into these chapters. We would also like to thank the Transworld Research Network for providing this opportunity for us to disseminate our recent findings in this important field of research. Finally our thanks go to Sema Dost for her organizational help in the preparation of the volume.

Crystal Growth - From Fundamentals to Technology

Crystal Growth - From Fundamentals to Technology
Author: Georg Müller
Publisher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 434
Release: 2004-07-07
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0080473075

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The book contains 5 chapters with 19 contributions form internationally well acknowledged experts in various fields of crystal growth. The topics are ranging from fundamentals (thermodynamic of epitaxy growth, kinetics, morphology, modeling) to new crystal materials (carbon nanocrystals and nanotubes, biological crystals), to technology (Silicon Czochralski growth, oxide growth, III-IV epitaxy) and characterization (point defects, X-ray imaging, in-situ STM). It covers the treatment of bulk growth as well as epitaxy by anorganic and organic materials.

Advances in Crystal Growth Research

Advances in Crystal Growth Research
Author: Kiyotaka Satō
Publisher: Elsevier Science Limited
Total Pages: 419
Release: 2001-01-01
Genre: Science
ISBN: 0444507477

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The aim of this book is to provide a timely collection that highlights advances in current research of crystal growth ranging from fundamental aspects to current applications involving a wide range of materials. This book is published on the basis of lecture texts of the 11th International Summer School on Crystal Growth (ISSCG-11) to be held at Doshisha Retreat Center in Shiga Prefecture Japan, on July 24-29, 2001. This school is always associated with the International Conference of Crystal Growth (ICCG) series that have been held every three years since 1973; thus this school continues the tradition of the past 10 schools of crystal growth.